FOOD TIMELINE QUESTIONS 11.14.09 This is the complete catalog of questions answered by the FT reference & research service from March 1999-present. Most of our work is not (yet) online. Online answers are designated FAQ: http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodfaqindex.html Like your local public library, we welcome everyone and do not charge for our services. If you need anything (including information not in our catalog) just let us know: foodtimeline@aol.com Prehistoric foods [9] 2003.10.08 Prehistoric (happy meal) [2] 2003.09.09 Babylonia/Mesopotamia [11] FAQ Bible/Old Testament--see: religion & food Ancient Hebrews --see: religion & food Ancient Egypt (Cleopatra & Pharoah feasts) [9] FAQ Minoans, Crete (2900BC-1200BC) [3] 2004.06.06 Ancient Greece [6] 2004.04.14 Celts--Iron Age [9] 2004.04.10 Confucius' period (551BC-479BC)--feasts, foods & philosophy--see: religion & food Alexander the Great (330BC) [4] 2003.07.18 Byzantine foods & cooking utensils [3] 2003.05.27 Hannibal's foods 2004.10.02 Phonecian food (200BC) 2003.09.11 Bible/New Testament-Jesus--see: religion & food 1st century--beverages 2005.02.19 0-100CE --banquets 2002.04.10 Ancient Roman foods [11] 2004.05.04 Colleseum foods 2006.05.25 cooks & chefs 2005.05.22 Roman Britain [3] 2004.07.26 Roman-Byzantine Jerusalem 2004.09.15 4th century foods 2001.10.29 4th century Visigoths 2006.05.23 Iron Age Denmark (6th century, Beowulf) [2] 2004.09.23 Barbarian/Vandals (early middle ages) 2003.12.07 Anglo-Saxon Britain/King Arthur [9] FAQ St. George's food (5th century AD) 2005.04.03 Norman foods [3] FAQ Medieval China 2004.02.04 Medieval foods [48] FAQ Medieval foods-disease & sanitation 2004.02.29 Medieval foods-experts 2003.01.31 Medieval foods-supply & distribution/trade [2] 2004.01.20 Medieval Germany 2006.02.03 Medieval markets 2005.01.29 925AD Bohemia (St. Wenceslaus) 2006.12.21 900-1400 Spain [Moorish influence] [3] 2004.11.24 1100-1400AD-Japan (feudal) 2002.08.05 1100-1600 Europe 2003.03.13 1144-1150 Second Crusade [3] 2006.02.02 1200-1400 Constantinople/Byzantine Empire 2003.11.01 12th century France 2004.09.19 13th century Mogolia (Genghis Kahn) 2009.06.11 13th century Venice 2008.07.25 14th century foods 2003.02.14 14th century Italy [3] 2009.11.11 14th century Spain [2] 2005.04.06 14th century Wales 2004.10.19 15th century foods 2003.02.13 15th century Spain (desserts) [2] 2004.11.16 15th century Spain (Queen Isabella) [4] 2003.07.16 15th century Turkey (Ottoman Empire) [2] 2004.10.28 Pre-Columbus Italy 2003.12.19 Columbian Exchange (basic) [6] 2004.02.15 Renaissance Italy 2003.04.20 16th century foods 2000.09.12 16th century France [4] 2003.12.03 16th century Germany [4] (aka Martin Luther) [2] 2004.05.11 16th century--peasant food 2002.12.09 16th century--UK Navy/sailor food (Drake) 2009.02.14 Shakespeare's/Tudor/Elizabethan food (incl. Romeo & Juliet's banquet) [75] FAQ Globe Theatre 2002.05.05 MacBeth--send: Anglo Saxon/Norman foods; recipes from Tastes of Anglo Saxon England Merry Wives of Windsor reception-- ("kissing comfits") FAQ --Laura Mason/Prehistory & pumpkin pie (FAQ) Scales for weighing food 2004.01.25 Spices 2004.03.10 17th century Barbados (Irish slaves) 2004.10.14 17th century Baroque Christmas feast (England & Germany) [3]FAQ 17th century food (1618-1645) 2001.08.13 17th century France Louis XIV [4] FAQ 17th century France (La Varenne) [2] 2003.03.24 17th century Germany (Bach) [3] 2006.01.28 17th century Italy [2] 2007.02.07 17th century Jamestown VA [8] 2004.02.12 17th century London (Samuel Pepys) 2004.09.06 17th century London--easy dessert suggestions 2004.09.16 17th century Mexico (& Central America) 2007.07.15 17th century Netherlands [3] 2003.08.25 17th century Netherlands, Leiden (Pilgrim/Puritan) [2] 2004.10.07 17th century Plimoth [1621 Thanksiving] [2] 2003.11.11 17th century Plimoth, cookbook 2004.01.26 17th century Rhode Island, Newport, taverns & public houses 2009.08.12 17th century Spain [3] 2004.10.08 17th century UK, military rations 2008.06.23 1640s, France (pastries/desserts) 2006.09.28 1655, England, poor people 2004.07.16 1690s, Salem MA [7] FAQ 17th-18th century New France 2003.03.21 17th-19th century, Easter Foods in America 2002.12.15 18th century England--banquet menu 2003.07.25 18th century Europe--recipes 2003.02.24 18th century Italy 2006.07.04 18th century sailor foods [4] 2003.10.03 18th century Scotland [2] 2006.10.21 18th century slave ship subsistence 2006.10.11 18th century Vienna 2005.01.11 Colonial America [37] FAQ Colonial America--confectioners 2008.11.12 Colonial America--diet & nutrition 2005.10.17 1726 dessert (Jonathan Swift) 2003.08.03 1750s, France (Louis XV menus) 2006.05.08 FAQ 1750-1770--Kentucky longhunters (Daniel Boone) 2003.09.08 1750-1830--Industrial Revolution foods (Britian) 2004.06.20 1754-1763--French & Indian War (aka Seven Years War) 2006.11.16 1760-1800--English aristocracy foods 2003.05.12 1770-1800--new foods introduced to America (Jefferson) 2007.10.26 1776, Philadelphia--original July 4th menu [3] 2003.06.22 1776-1781--Revolutionary War Army foods 2005.09.16 1776-1800--Colonial American dinner menus, upper middle classe [2] 2006.05.12 1787--Constitutional Convention menus [5] 2005.09.01 1789-1810--French Revolution foods [23] FAQ 1798-1832--Romantic era England--see: literature-Austen 19th century America--popular foods 2002.11.20 19th century America--easy to make foods 2003.05.10 19th century beef recipes--for cookoff 2003.06.23 19th century desserts (American) 2003.06.23 19th century France [2] 2004.03.10 19th century France, easy noble dish 2006.05.21 19th century school lunch--see: lunch 19th century Spain 2005.12.30 19th century-Victorian drinks 2004.02.01 19th century-Victorian foods [28] FAQ 19th century-Victorian foods, Spanish & Italian influence 2006.09.21 1800--Napoleon's foods [7] 2003.11.21 1803, Lewis & Clark [3] 2003.03.10 1805, Trafalgar [7] 2005.02.10 1812, American soldier mess, Michigan 2008.06.13 1812, British soldiers rations, Ft. York [2] 2005.01.31 1812, Wedding meal (Cornish) 2009.09.24 1820s-1880s--Erie Canal 2008.09.27 1830-1840--Ohio 2006.04.12 1830s-1890s--Industrial revolution/U.S. food manufacturers 2004.06.26 1840s-London-popular fruits 2005.05.11 1840s London Christmas dinner 2002.12.05 1840s-Gold rush [4] 2004.02.18--FAQ 1840s-Gold rush-food prices 2004.05.13 1850s-Mountain Men (give Lewis & Clark) 1854--Gold rush-grand hotel menu 2004.02.20 1840s-1870s Oregon Trail/pioneer foods [8] FAQ 1850s Missouri--see countries: United States 1859--Randolph M. Marcy provisions 2004.05.31 1859--San Juan Islands (Pig War) 2004.08.09 1860-1890-France 2003.11.23 1860s-Canada, Northwest Territories 2007.09.15 1860s-present day--how American foods have changed [2] 2004.02.27 1861-1865 American Civil War foods [11] FAQ period serving ware (plates, cups etc.) 2008.05.13 1861-1900 Cowboy cooking [7] FAQ 1850-1890--ship crew meal 2003.02.27 1867 Connecticut 2004.11.24 1870-1 Paris--zoo animals as food--see: zoo animals as food 1876-1879--dinner menus 2003.11.05 1876--Centennial Exhibition/Philadelphia 2004.04.20 (see also: fair food) 1877 recipes 2003.04.15 1886--International Exhibition of Industry & Science/Edinburgh 2007.12.04 1889--Universal Exposition, Paris see: Countries, France 1890s--London theatre suppers 2008.09.12 1893--Columbian Exibition/Chicago [4] 2004.08.11 FAQ (restaurants/concessions) 1898--Spanish-American War, soldier rations 2008.08.21 1900--restaurant menus 2003.02.25 1900--Canadian menus 2003.04.14 1900--Canada wealthy vs poor dinners 2007.05.02 1900---France 2003.01.21 1900-1909--see: holidays New Years Menus 1900-1910--U.S. [3] 2004.08.06 1900-1917--U.S. [2] 2004.02.03 1900-2000--how has food changed? [2] 2005.09.11 1902 2002.02.10 1902 UK 2003.10.19 1903 foods (teaching tools) 2003.12.04 1903 UK (early Edwardian foods/menus) [3] 2003.02.07 1903 New Zealand 2003.09.08 1903 Pensacola FL church supper 2003.07.31 1903 seaside fare 2003.07.10 1904 St. Louis Exposition foods [5] 2004.03.14 1904 menu, Rochester NY [2] 2004.05.10 1905 Panama canal laborers 2008.04.17 1906 San Francisco menus 2005.04.21 1908 menus 2002.01.21 1908 new food introductions 2008.01.03 1910s (popular American foods, new products & recipes) [4] 2005.03.05 1910-1912 Wedding menus [2] 2006.06.27 1913 (50th reunion, Civil War, Gettysburg)"Await Veteran Hosts," Washington Post, June 23, 1913 p. 4 1915 2002.08.17 1914-1918 (soldier foods) [8] 2004.03.08 1914-1918 (German civilian foods) [3] 2004.12.29 1914-1918 (Italian soldier foods) [3] 2004.04.10 1914-1918 (UK soldier trench foods) 2005.04.13 1917 (Boston) [2] 2003.03.13 1918 (Alabama rural) 2004.09.19 1920s FAQ 1920s Cocoanut Grove restaurant, Los Angeles [2] 2005.04.16 1920s foods (Chicago area) 2003.08.29 1920s foods (New Orleans) 2005.04.10 1920s-1930s--Dietary recommendations (USA) 2009.05.25 1920s-30s (Harlem Renaissance) [2] 2005.02.02 1920s-30s British family meals [10] 2002.10.10 1924, Alaska (canned foods) 2005.07.14 1925, British train first class passenger food (Murder Mystery) [4] 2004.01.08 1930s [20] FAQ 1930s, Alcatraz, civilian/employee foods 2007.09.23 1930s, California (Grapes of Wrath) 2005.09.14 1930s, Civilian Conservation Corps 2007.07.09 1930s, France 2008.01.26 1930s, Girl Scout recipes 2005.11.30 1930s, southern states 2004.10.29 1930s-1940s, Big Band era black tie menus 2008.07.23 1930s-1940s (Germany, rationing, food supply, prices) [3] 2009.02.19 1940s [24] FAQ 1940s alcohol in United States 2003.08.22 1940s--prepackaged foods 1940s--Netherlands/Holland--see: Famous people-Anne Frank 1940s--present (UK) how has our diet changed 2005.07.07 1941-1944 (new foods, United States) 2005.04.11 1943 recipes-England 2003.07.23 1942-5 (WW II corporate food company contributions) 2003.10.01 1942-1945 (WW II USA canteens0 2009.06.08 1942-1955 (WW II UK soldier food) 2006.06.15 1942-5 (WW II US soldier food) 2003.09.21 1942-1945 (popular American herbs & spices) 2006.04.03 1942-5 (WW II UK foods/rationing) [2] 2006.04.07 1946-1964 (baby boomers) 2002.10.23 1950s [26] FAQ 1950s--Black-American cuisine 2007.10.11 1950s--convenience foods [2] 2005.11.30 1950s-1960s hors d'oeuvres (party) 2002.12.22 1950s-present--how foods/cooking methods have changed? [4] 2004.07.12 1950s-present--nutritional recommendations vs consumer choice 2008.116 1953 (popular brands) [2] FAQ 1953--UK--street parties (Queen Elizabeth II coronation celebrations) 2006.04.08 1954-dinner menu 2003.10.29 1955 (popular foods) [4] 2005.01. 1956 (popular products) 2006.01.07 1957 (popular products) 2007.03.09 1958 (popular products) 2008.06.11 1960s [22] FAQ 1960s Christmas Dinner, President Kennedy 2003.05.24 1961 2003.07.22 1962--popular foods 2004.05.18 1962--exotic fruits (Frieda's+) 2008.11.14 (see articles in file) 1964--popular foods [6] FAQ 1964-1964--NY World's Fair, African Pavilion Tree House restaurant recipes (read: African Cookbook/Bea Sandler) 1965--popular/new foods 2005.03.31 1966 2006.07.24 1967 [3] 2004.11.04 1969--Apollo 11 2006.01.24 1970s [12] FAQ 1980s [11] FAQ 1990s (new foods) [19] 2004.04.27 FAQ 2000-2009 (new foods) [3] 2008.02.10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1234 cake--see: cakes 86'd--see: eighty sixed A.P. cookies--see: cookies, Apee A la carte--see:menus A la mode (ice cream) 2009.06.07 A-1 sauce--see: sauce Abbesses--see: Lisbon Cakes Abood Ice Cream Co.--see: ice cream Acton, Eliza 2004.01.02 Adobo [2] 2003.09.22 Accidental foods (foods discovered by accident) 2005.10.17 Acid (fruit beverage made with tartar) 2006.05.30 Acid alkaline properties of foods--see: Ph of foods Ackee [2] 2007.02.26 Acorns--see: nuts Adolph's Meat Tenderizer--see: meats-tenderizers Advertising of food 2005.10.15 Aga cookstoves 2008.09.23 Agave [2] 2008.03.23 Agriculture origins & history 2001.09.04 Aioli 2002.07.26 Airline chicken--see: chicken Airline food--see: inflight catering Akara (Yoruba bean cakes) 2006.11.02 Albondigas [4] 2005.01.05 Alcohol [distilled spirits, wine & beer] [2] 2003.07.11 1940s United States 2003.08.22 Alcoholic beverages see also: beer Cocktails, popular, US 1920-2004 2004.09.24 Cocktails, 1930s 2007.11.29 (paper only, add recently acquired books) Cocktails, 1940s 2005.12.17 Cocktails, 1950s [5] 2005.11.17 Cocktails, 1960s [2] 2007.10.20 FAQs (foodfaq7) Cordials 2009.04.30 Dessert ingredients 2.17.2006 Mint juleps, prices, mid 19th century 2007.09.17 Mobby (aka Maubey, maubi, mabi) 2009.06.07 Punch (rum, fishhouse) [2] 2006.11.03 Shrub (colonial American) [3] 2003.11.18 Tom & Jerry (midwestern wassail) 2006.11.28 Alfajores--see: cookies Algae [3] 2005.10.23 Algonquin--see: Native Americans Allen, Ida Cogswell Bailey 2001.12.11 All-purpose flour--see: flour Allspice 2004.01.14 Almond Cluster--see: candy Almond cookies (Chinese)--see:cookies Almond paste cookies/pine nut cookies--see:cookies Almond tile cookies--see:cookies Almonds--see: nuts Almonds, sugared--see: candy Alone, dining 2005.01.31 Alphabites (Birdseye--UK) 2004.07.17 Alpine White--see: candy Amalgamation cake--see: cake Amandine--see: casseroles-green bean amandine Amaranth [4] 2005.07.18 Amazo pudding mix--see: puddings Ambient foods 2005.09.29 Ambrosia [9] FAQ American cheese--see: cheese American chop suey (see also: Chinese pie) [3] 2005.04.25 American foods (popular) from other countries 2003.09.05 American Menu Maker 2005.03.03 Americanization of ethnic foods 2005.04.29 Ammonia cookies--see: cookies Ammonium carbonate--see: ammonia cookies FAQ Amuse-bouche 2004.01.15 Anchovies [British cooking] 2005.03.03 Ancient Roman foods 2002.05.16 Angel food--see: cake Angel pie--see: pie Angels on Horseback--see: oysters Anginette--see: cookies Animal crackers--see: cookies Anisazi food--see: Pueblo food Anise, Aniseed 2006.05.18 Ann Page (brand name) 2006.01.14 Anne of Green Gables (food/menus) 2004.14.03 Answer cake--see: cakes Anthimus 2003.01.28 Antipasto--see: appetizers Ants on a log [4] FAQ Apache--see: Native Americans Aphrodesiac foods [3] 2006.01.30 Appam--see: pancakes Appetizers & hors d'oeuvres [15] FAQ 19th century USA 1008.09.16 Antipasto (appetizer) FAQ Heavy Hor's D'oeurvres (finger food) 2007.07.11 Pu pu platters 2005.11.21 Tapas 2004.05.11 Victorian [2] FAQ Apple butter--see: apples Apple crisp--see: pies Applejack--see:cookies Apples [3] 2004.04.03 & cinnamon, sugar, flour, butter... 2000.02.05 apple butter [10] FAQ Apple Day celebration, Julian CA--see: countries, USA, California Apple sauce [3] FAQ Apple Tru (canned product for making pies) 2008.02.28 Bobbing & dunking games 2004.11.18 Caramel (toffee, candied)--see:candy Cider 2009.02.17 Cox (UK variety) 2006.09.22 Dried 2004.07.01 Fireside (Minnesota) 2005.09.20 fried [2] 2004.06.09 Fried apples with chicken (Appalachia) 2003.07.10 pancakes (German)--see: pancakes pie---see: pie rings 2001.06.06 Tansey (how cooked in colonial days) 2004.05.24 Apollo Candy--see: candy Apricots 2007.01.26 Aquavit [2] 2004.05.11 Aratex (confectioners' ingredient) 2009.01.07 Arawak--see: Native Americans Arepa--see: corn Arikara--see: Native Americans Armadillo cak--see: cakes Army & Navy--see: candies Arnold Palmer (beverage, half ice tea-half lemonade) 2005.04.11 Arrack (aka arak, raki, alcoholic beverage) 2006.06.20 Arroz de Leche--see: pudding-rice Arroz con Polo--see: chicken Art & food (lesson plans, sources for study) [2] 2005.01.08 Artichokes [2] 2003.07.31 Artisan breads--see: breads Artist's foods--see:famous people Arugula--see: Rocket Asiago--see: cheese Asian cuisine, USA, most popular--see: Countries, USA Asado (Argentina) 2005.08.20 Ashkenazi cuisine--see: religion and food, Jewish Asparagus 2005.04.15 Asparagus & aparagus torte 2001.10.14 Asparagus--superstition/mythology 2005.06.02 Aspic/glazing [3] 2003.10.13 Atole [2] 2006.01.15 Au gratin [6 ] 2004.04.26 Au jus sauce--see: sauce 2002.09.04 Aubergine--see: eggplant Aumoniere 2006.09.28 Aunt Sammy 2001.12.11 Australian meat pies--see: pies Automats--see:restaurants Avocados [7] FAQ (guacamole) Great Britain (introduction) 2004.10.14 Great Britain (recipes, circa 1960s) 2008.02.29 Japan 2009.07 (see also california roll FAQ) Avoset (canned cream/milk product) 2008.04.27 Aztec civilization [6] FAQ Chilis--see: peppers Dogs in Aztec cuisine see:--dogs Aztec fruit--see: white sapote Baba [4] 2004.09.23 Baba ghanoush [2] 2004.05.19 Babka--see: baba Baby back ribs--see:pork Baby food & formula [5] 2004.07.04 Ancient feeding devices (bottles) 2007.03.16 Enfamil (Meade Johnson)& Similac (M&R Laboratories, Ross Laboratories, Abbott Labs) 2009.07.22 Gerber, jar size, 1980 2006.12.13 Gerber, prices 1928 2004.01.26 Gerber, blueberry buckle dessert 2004.09.10 Glass jars 2005.08.11 Good Start H.A. (Carnation/Nestle, pre-digested with enzymes for milk allergies) 2008.10.24 Nouric (Canadian brand) 2005.01.29 Nutramigen (Mead Johnson) see: Good Start H.A. Pregestimil (Mead Johnson) see: Good Start H.A. Robinson's 2007.09.04 Bacon [3] FAQ Bacon-Boston traditional foods 2002.07.18 Bacon, lettuce & tomato sandwich (BLT)--see: sandwiches Peameal bacon (Canada) 2007.05.14 Pioneer/Cowboy transport methods 2009.08.30 Bacteria & cheese 2004.09.16 Bagels--see: bread Baguette--see: bread Baja pizza--see: pizza Bake sale 2003.10.14 Baked Alaska--see: ice cream Baked beans--see: beans Baked steak--see: steak Bakers--18th century America 2005.10.22 Bakers ammonia--see: ammonia cookies FAQ Baker's dozen [2] 2004.03.23 Bakewell Tart (Bakewell Pudding)--see: pies Baking 2004.09.04 Colonia era methods [2] 2005.10.22 Baking v. Cooking [2] 2004.06.14 Baking mixes 2002.10.21 Cookie mixes--see: cookies-cookie mixes Master baking mix (Purdue University) 2004.03.05 Baking powder [7] FAQ Cleveland's Baking (Brooklyn) 2002.05.30 Dr. Price's 2002.09.21 Jack Frost (St. Louis) 2004.12.28 Baking soda [4] FAQ Baklava [13] FAQ Ballotine 2004.10.24 Balsamic vinegar--see: vinegar Balut 2006.08.12 Banana [2] 2004.04.01 Banana bread FAQ Banana flambe--see: flambe Bananas foster [5] 2003.11.06 Bananas foster cheesecake--see: cakes-cheesecake cream pie--see: pie Greece 2003.12.0 India 2005.07.15 splits--see: ice cream transportation to midwest states [2] 2008.01.16 Banana leaves 2005.03.15 Banbury cakes--see:cakes Bangers & mash [2] 2006.06.20 Banoffee pie--see: pies Banquets 0-100CE 2002.04.10 Banquets 10 meal 2002.07.10 Bar & Grill restaurants [2] 2002.04.17 Barbarian foods (Vandals)--early middle ages 2003.12.07 Barbecue [13] FAQ Barbecue grills (metal) [2] 2008.09.18 Barbecue sauce [2] 2003.06.05 Barbecue vs barbeque (spelling variations) 2009.03.03 Barley [2] 2001.05.28 Barley water 2002.02.10 Barleygrass--see: wheatgrass Basboosa--see: cakes Baseball stadium concessions 2007.07.25 Bases (sauce)--see: sauces-culinary bases Basic four/food groups 1956 2002.10.30 Bastila (pastilla, Morocco) 2009.03.17 Bass--see: fish Bastables (Irish iron cooking pot) 2005.03.03 Bateau Blanche--see: cakes Bavarian cream--see: French cream FAQ Bavarian liver soup (leberknodelsuppe) 2002.08.06 Bavarois--see: Bavarian cream Bay leaf 2003.11.06 Bean sprouts--see: sprouts Beans baked beans 1930s-1960s, popular American recipes 2009.01.11 Boston baked beans [5] 2005.12.15 can sizes 2009.01.24 bean bread--see:breads bean dip--see: dips beans & toast (English breakfast) 2006.01.09 black 2008.01.27 canned 2003.07.31 canned with sauce 2003.12.22 Cannellini 2005.03.03 chuckwagons & beans [2] 2003.04.14 Colonial American preservation & storage--seee: preservation of foods Fava (aka faba, broad bean, broadbean) [2] 2004.09.29 frijoles charros (frijoles charra) 2007.09.09 Greek giant white beans (aka butter beans, fasiolia gigantes) 2006.05.28 Green [2] 2003.11.04 bean casserole 2003.12.31 Medieval use? 2002.10.12 Native American 2002.10.01 kidney 2001.03.23 Mayocoba (maicoba) 1.25.2006 Mung--see: sprouts Navy [3] 2000.12.30 pulse crops: cranberry, navy...beans 2001.02.04 pulses 2001.10.21 Pulses--Biblical 2004.04.25 refried 2003.02.10 three bean salad--see: salad Wax 2005.09.18 Bear claws (pastry)--see: danish Bear sign (pastry)--see: danish Beardsley Shredded Codfish--see: fish Bearnaise sauce--see: sauce Beaten biscuits--see: biscuits Beatilles (Batalia) 2007.07.16 Bechamel (cream reductions) see: sauce Beechnut Chili Sauce 2008.09.05 Beef--see also: steak, meatballs, meatloaf, veal [5] 2004.01.17 Ancient Egypt 2002.03.18 19th century recipes 2003.06.23 Beef & broccoli (China) 2007.02.08 Beef and horesradish (combination) 2005.01.14 Beef burgundy (aka boeuf bourguignon) [6] 2005.04.28 Beef Manhattan--see: sandwiches, Commercial Beef on Weck--see: sandwiches Beef olives--see: paupiettes Beef Wellington [5] FAQ Brisket [3] 2005.04.27 Churrascarias (beef skewers/Brazil, Argentina & Uruguay) 2008.03.07 Chuck (why named?) 2004.08.11 Cold boiled (beef)--see: notes & recipe in Charles Dickens Cookbook (p. 46-7) Commercial cuts 2005.12.11 Hunter's beef 2006.06.11 Kobe [3] 2005.03.11 London broil [4] 2002.04.12 Oyster beef (China) 2007.02.08 Pit Beef (Baltimore specialty) 2008.08.12 Pot roast, Yankee [2] 2003.07.25 Roast beef (in England) [3] 2003.12.06 Sauerbraten [2] 2005.11.09 Souper burger (Campbell's, 1970s) recipe 2008.02.08 Spiced Round (Christmas specialty, Tennessee) 2008.12.19 statistics (production/consumption) 2008.11.01 Stroganoff [17] FAQ Russian Tea Room recipe 2002.11.1 tea 2001.09.26 Viking cattle 2004.01.17 Word origin (English) 2004.01.17 Beefsteak Stanley--see: steak Beekeeping see: honey Beer [2] 2003.08.04 Ancient brewing techniques (Mesopotamia, Egypt) 2007.07.01 American (first brewed) 2008.02.05 Anheuser-Busch railroad [train] transport, 19th century 2009.08.30 1950s-popular American brands 2005.05.04 Beer batter [3] 2003.08.15 Beer chasers--see: crackers Beer cheese soup--see: soup Ginger beer 2003.01.21 (ginger ale notes) Rowan (berries) 2003.09.03 Spain 2003.06.17 Tomato (aka red beer) 2006.11.27 Tudor (Ale) 2003.10.05 Bees--see: honey Beestings (Biestings) 2002.09.05 Bienenstich cake--see: cake Beets (beetroot) [3] 2004.01.21 Australia 2003.11.17 Harvard beets 2005.11.26 Befana cookies & cakes--see: holidays-Christmas Beignet--see: doughnuts Belesh--see: pies Belgian buns (aka Belgium buns) 2005.04.26 Belgian foods--see: countries Belgian waffles--see: waffles Bell peppers--see: peppers Bella Coola (Nuxalt) foods 2004.11.27 Bells and gongs (signalling dinner) 2009.02.25 Bernhard, Sarah--see: famous people Berolzheimer, Ruth (bio info) [2] 2004.09.04 Better Homes and Gardens [New} Cook Book (editions) 2008.09/16 Bob Corp & baby juice 2004.10.18 Bibliography of food history books 2000.02.26 Bialys--see:bread Biarritz Potatoes--see: potatoes Bierocks (Germans from Russia recipe) 2005.02.22 Bilberries [2] 2007.04.18 Biryani 2005.09.21 (next time add rice notes) Bird's nest [3] 2003.10.29 Birds, shore [plovers, curlews, sandpipers, godwits, avocets] 2008.09.26 Biscotti--see: cookies Biscuit-food that means baked twice 2001.07.01 Biscuit a la cuillier--see: ladyfingers Biscuits [8] FAQ Beaten biscuits [2] FAQ Biscuits & gravy [2] FAQ Buttermilk biscuits [3] 2004.06.13 Cathead 2007.09.01 cowboy style [2] FAQ Refrigerator biscuits (canned, manufactuered) [2] 2007.03.12 Rockinghams 2007.01.18 Bishops bread (aka Bishops's cake)--see: cakes-Bishop's Bismark--see: doughnuts Bisque--see:soups Bistecca alla fiorentina--see: steak Bistro--see: restaurants Bitter (taste--which foods?) 2004.10.16 Bizcochitos--see: cookies Black bean soup--see: soups Black beans--see: beans Black cows/root beer floats--see: ice cream Black cumin--see: cumin Black Forest cake--see: cakes Black Jack gum (licorice flavor)--see: chewing gum Black pudding--see: sausage Blackberry acid--see: acid Blackbird--see: pie vents Blackeyed peas--see: cowpeas Blackout cake--see: cakes Blanc Manger (blancmange, blewmanger) [5] 2004.10.15 Blanching (cooking method) 2007.09.26 Blanquette de Veau 2004.05.05 Blemis (urban dictionary term for milk skin) 2009.01.09 Blinis--see: pancakes Blintz--see: pancakes Blood pudding--see: sausage Blue Bonnet--see: margarine Blue cheese--see: cheese-blue Blue crabs-see: crabs Blue John--see: milk Blue plate special 2005.05.10 Blue steak--see: steak Blueberries [6] 2005.09.26 Blueberry buckle--see:cakes Blueberry muffins--see: muffins Blondies (butterscotch brownies) FAQ Bloody Caesar cocktail 2003.12.14 Bloody Mary cocktail 2003.12.14 Blooming onions--see: onions 2004.10.06 Blow Pop--see: candy Boar's head--see: wild boar Body parts--foods with these in their name 2004.09.22 Bog stew--see: stew Boiled cake--see: cakes Bok choy 2003.12.03 Bollito Misto 2006.08.10 Bologna [5] 2005.01.10 German balogna 2003.09.28 Lebanon bologna 2005.10.24 Bomb pops--see: ice cream Bombe--see: ice cream Bon bons--see: candy Bones (marrow bones) 2008.10.13 Boone, Daniel--see: famous people Bouquet Garni 2006.02.28 Borek--see:pies Borscht --see: soups Boston baked beans--see: beans Boston cream pie--see: pies Boston cuisine 2002.02.18 Bottled water--see: water Bouillabaisse--see: soups Bouillon--see: soup-court bouillon Bouquet garni 2006.07.10 Bourguignon, boeuf--see: beef Bourride--see: soups Boursin--see: cheese Braciola (& braciole, farsumagru, involtini) 2005.08.29 Bradley, Alice (cookbook author) 2007.12.30 Braising & roasting 2002.10.17 & korma 2008.09.22 Braising and stewing--see: stewing Bran muffins--see: muffins Brand names--how are they selected for candy? 2003.10.17 Brandy butter--see: sauce Brandy wells/cake stands 2003.06.05 Bratwurst--see: sausage Braunschweiger/Liverwurst--see: sausage Bread [10] FAQ 1940s USA: popular brands 2009.05.14 Ancient Egypt (how made) 2006.11.04 (as payment) 2002.11.20 Afghanistan 2004.09.29 Artisan (artisanal) USA [2] 2008.06.23 FAQ Babovka (Czech Easter bread) 2007.01.03 Bagels [17] FAQ Bagels, lox & cream cheese [2] 2003.12.28 Baguette [4] FAQ Bannock 2009.01.19 Bean bread (Native American) 2006.0215 Belguim buns 2005.04.26 Bialys [2] 2004.10.12 Blessing bread (eulogia) 2005.03.26 Bread & cookies, to keep them soft 2002.12.17 Bread & quicksilver (mercury) superstition/divining/dead/Twain/Finn 2007.09.23 Bread & salt--housewarming tradition 2004.12.30 Bread boxes 2005.12.19 Bread bowls & bread trenchers [3] 2005.11.20 "Bread is the staff of life" 2008.06.12 Bread-on-a-stick (campfire cookery) 2009.10.02 Bread ovens--see: ovens Bread pans 2004.06.19 Bread risers (bread raisers, dough raisers) 2005.07.16 Bread varieties (types & numbers, global) 2007.10.12 Bread, why served at the beginning of a meal? 2008.10.25 Brioche [4] FAQ Brown bread-New England style [aka Boston brown bread] [3] 2000.10.12 Bruschetta [4] FAQ Campaillou [4] 2008.10.02 FAQ Challah [11] FAQ Cheese biscuits/pennies (Colonial era) 2003.01.28 Chelsea buns 2006.09.13 Chinese breads 2004.02.14 Christmas Eve, England, superstition 2005.01.02 Ciabatta [4] 2003.07.08 Clay cookery [2] 2006.07.20 Cloche cookery see: clay cookery Cob (Coburg) [2] 2007.03.04 Coffee can bread (made in coffee can) 2008.10.05 Concha (Mexican enriche bread) 2007.01.03 Corn--see: corn [bread] Crazy bread (Little Caesars) 2009.11.06 Croissant [14] FAQ Croutons [4] 2005.07.14 Crumpets [8] FAQ Cuban 2009.10.20 Date nut bread [roll], sold in NYC 1950s-60s 2005.02.26 Dromedary brand (where to buy) 2007.02.10 Dier (aka dyer aka diet bread) 2006.11.06 Eskimo 2003.08.14 Etiquette (buttering, tearing, cutting see: etiquette Fairy bread (Australia) 2004.01.17 Flatbreads FAQ Flower pot bread--see: clay cookery Focaccia [5] FAQ Fouace [fougasse] [2] 2005.05.25 French vs Italian 2009.02.11 French roll pans (aka French stick pans) 2007.06.22 Fry bread [9] FAQ (sopaipillas) Galette [2] FAQ Garlic bread FAQ Garlic knots 2007.10.14 Hawaiian 2004.09.14 heel 2003.01.30 Hot cross buns [3] 2004.11.12 India 2006.10.29 Injera (Ethiopia) 2004.11.06 International [2] 2003.01.20 Iraq 2004.09.29 Irish brown bread 2007.02.04 Irish soda bread [22] FAQ Italian, unsalted--see: bread-unsalted Jack bread (jack rolls, Australia) 2005.04.25 Kaiser rolls 2004.10.19 Khobuz (Iraqi bread)--see: flatbread FAQ Kouloura 2003.10.16 Kulick (Russian Easter bread) [2] 2005.11.22 Lavash (aka lavosh) Armenian flat bread [3] FAQ Light bread 2007.11.08 Limpa--see: Swedish breads Lussekatter (Lucia's cats, Sweden) [2] 2004.10.17 Malt loaf 2004.09.26 Massa Sovada (massa suvada) Portuguese sweet bread for Easter 2007.03.05 Matnakash (Armenia) 2008.05.24 Medieval methods & weights 2006.01.14 Monkey bread [53] FAQ Montana territory c.1860s 2002.06.11 Orange bread 2005.03.25 Pain au chocolat [7] 2003.10.19 Pain au lait [3] 2006.08.15 Pain de Campagne [2] 2007.10.11 FAQ Pain levain 2004.09.17 Pan de sal (salt bread) [2] 2005.12.28 Pan dulce [3] 2008.01.10 Panettone [5] 2004.12.05 Panforte 2007.02.24 Panko (Japanese bread crumbs) 2005.11.19 Parker House rolls [2] 2005.03.29 Pastis landais 2006.05.18 Penny loaf 2006.11.28 Pita [4] 2004.03.03 Wholemeal pita (recipe) 2004.07.16 Potato [4] 2004.12.05 Pudding--see: pudding Pugliese 2003.08.06 Pumpernickel [4] 2003.10.14 Puris Pooris (India) [3] 2005.08.27 Raisin [3] 2004.04.07 Rosetta (Italian) 2007.09.22 Roti (including Caribbean connection) [2] 2003.09.28 Rusk [3] 2004.10.16 Rye (including Jewish rye. See also: pumpernickel) [3] 2004.04.20 Sally Ann 2006.10.15 Salt rising 2008.09.03 Scones [4] 2004.02.28 Utah (Mormon) scones 2004.08.01 Semolina (pasta dura) [3] 2008.01.27 Shepherd's bread 2003.11.26 Shokupan (Japanese white bread) 2004.11.08 Shortening bread FAQ Sliced bread (Wonder) 2005.02.15 Spotted dick [3] 2003.10.26 sourdough [5] 2002.05.30 Sticciata (Tuscsany) & schiacciata (Emlia) 2007.11.06 Sudan 2004.09.29 Swedish breads 2004.10.17 Thousand Layer Buns (Jonny Kan, LA) 2009.04,22 Toast [2] FAQ Cinnamon toast 2005.02.25 Unsalted (Italy: Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio) why? [2] 2007.03.09 Vasilopita (Greek Christmas/Easter bread) 2005.12.16 white 2003.07.19 Winter bread (winter wheat) 2008.05.12 Wonder Bread (1930s, + prices) 2008.08.21 yeast (for baking & brewing) 2003.02.22 Zopf (Switzerland) 2005.12.21 Bread and butter pickles--see: pickles Breadnuts (fruit) [2] 2006.03.05 Breadfruit 2003.05.26 Breakfast [10] FAQ American traditional [4] 2003.05.25 British (including Tudor) FAQ British family, 1909 2008.09.21 Continental [2] FAQ English vs Irish traditional 2003.07.17 International fare [2] 2003.08.22 Venetian 2006.01.06 World history 2003.03.05 Breakfast cereal Force (brand) 2008.02.18 Twinkles (with pik/orange elephant stories on box) 2009.05.19 Breakfast drinks (nutritional supplements, Metrecal) [3] 2004.11.07 Breakfast squares (General Mills) & Breakfast Bars (Carnation/Nestle) [2] 2005.04.22 Breton Gateau--see: cakes Bridal sugars (Dutch wedding tradition) 2004.10.11 Bridge mix--see: candy Brie--see: cheese Brine, using potato as a salt-meter) 2009.10.23 Brioche--see: bread 2003.07.11 Brisket--see: beef Brittle--see: candy Broad beans--see: beans-fava Broccoli (Including purple sprouting) 2001.12.05 Broccoli, cheese & rice casserole--see: casseroles Broccoli salad--see: salads Broil 2004.04.13 Broil vs. Grill 2001.09.01 Broom 2004.05.24 Broth--see: soup Brown, Margaret (Molly)--see: famous people Brown, Robert (Cora & Rose...cookbook authors) 2007.10.25 Brown betty--see: pies-Apple crisp & apple brown betty Brown bread-New England style--see: bread Brownies [52] FAQ Brownies-- Black Forest 2003.01.24 Brownies-- cream cheese (Texas connection?) 2005.01.30 Brownies-- (Py-O-My)--see: Py-O-My Brunch [18] FAQ original recipes 2002.12.09 market statistics (sales, popular items) 2007.03.21 Brunoise 2008.07.14 Brunswick stew--see: stew Bruschetta--see: bread Brussels sprouts [2] 2006.01.03 Bubble & squeak [2] 2002.10.20 Bubble gum--see: chewing gum Buche de Noel--see: cake Buckeye candy--see: candy Buckwheat 2004.04.23 Buddha's hand (citron) [4] 2004.07.24 Buffalo (bison) [2] 2005.08.09 Buffalo choppers 2004.09.12 Buffalo wings [3] 2004.03.26 Buffets [11] FAQ Bulgaria--see: countries Bumpernickel 2004.05.27 Bundt cake--see: cakes Burgul salad--see: salads-tablouleh Burgundy Beef--see: beef Burrecas 2004.02.29 Burritos [5] FAQ Breakfast burritos [2] 2003.10.05 Chile burros (Arizona recipes) 2009.07.09 Burry Company (cookie bakers) [4] 2005.01.18 Butcher shops America (oldest) 2003.07.03 Netherlands (how was the meat wrapped?) 2009.01.28 Butlers 2009.09.29 Butter [4] 2003.10.07 17th century New England 2006.11.15 Artificial (on popcorn) 2006.06.05 Brandy butter--see: sauce Butter balls--see:cookies Butter--drawn 2002.06.08 Double butter (fettuccine alfredo recipe) 2006.05.11 Garlic butter (compound butters) 2005.09.11 Noisette 2007.02.06 Sunlight 2008.01.21 Unsalted vs salted 2003.10.03 Butter churns & production methods (18th century) 2007.02.25 Butter scotch [3] 2003.11.02 Butter scotch chips--see: candy Butter sculpting-Tibet/Buddhist monks [2] 2004.05.16 Butter sculpting (small rosettes) 2003.05.28 Butter tarts--see: pies Butter tart filling 2001.07.18 Butter using peanuts 2001.02.24 Butterball turkey--see: turkey Buttercream icing 2003.05.16 Buttercrunch--see: candy Butterhorn rolls 2004.11.22 Buttering egg--see: eggs Buttermilk--see: milk Buttermilk pie--see: pies (incude notes on buttermilk) Butternut squash--see: squash Cabbage (how stored in Victorian era) 2005.05.27 Cabbage 2006.06.21 Napa cabbage 2009.06.17 stuffed cabbage rolls) [4] 2004.09.04 see also: sauerkraut soup--see: soups Cabbage trees (New Zealand) 2004.10.28 Cabinet--see: ice cream-milk shakes Cactus Prickly pear (nopales) [3] 2006.08.16 Caesar salad--see: salad Cafe de Paris steak sauce--see: sauce Cafeterias--see: restaurants Caipirinha 2004.08.11 Cajeta 2002.12.16 Cajun cuisine--see: United States Cajun deep fried turkey--see: turkey-Cajun deep fried Cake [15] FAQ 1234 cake FAQ Amalgamation [2] 2005.12.25 Angel food [16] FAQ lime gelatin topping/filling 2008.05.15 why baked in tube pans? 2007.12.18 Answer cake [3] 2006.07.24 Apfelkuchen [4] 2004.11.13 Applesauce cake (& applesauce cookies) [5] 2003.12.19 Armadillo--see: Red velvet Baking papers/cake liners [4] 2004.02.11 Baklava 2003.07.07 Banana bread & banana cake [14] FAQ Banbury cakes (aka Banbury buns) [2] 2006.02.23 Basboosa (aka basbousa) 2005.04.28 Bateau Blanche (Kennedy) 2008.08.08 Befana--see: holidays-Christmas Bienenstich cake (beesting cake) [3] 2006.10.12 Bible Samuel II 6:19 2003.09.08 Birthday cake [4] FAQ Bishop's cake (aka Bishop's bread, stained glass cake, crown jewel cake, broken glass [2] 2006.05.11 Black Forest cake [9] 2004.08.18 Black Russian cake [2] 2004.11.1 Blackout cake 2006.02.09 Blueberry buckle [4] 2003.09.02 Boiled cake (poorboy) 2004.11.22 Breton Gateau 2005.03.03 Brownstone front cake 2003.01.27 Buche de Noel [2] 2004.07.20 Bundt 2007.04.03 Butter Brickle cake mix & icing mix 2008.10.03 Butter cake (Gooey) 2002.01.03 Butterless, eggless, milkess cake 2005.07.15 Cake charms--see: plumb/Christmas pudding FAQ Cake decorations 2009.07.30 (added to cake FAQ) Cake in a jar 2004.09.13 Cake mixes [2] 2003.11.18 FAQ Canadian war cake 2003.11.15 Caramel cake [5] 2003.08.13 Carrot cake FAQ Carrot cake, Argovia 2001.04.02 Carrot cake, Waldorf-Astoria $250.00 (urban legend) 2005.03.02 Cassata 2008.01.23 Castella (Nagasaki specialty) 2004.03.01 Centerpieces/top pieces 2003.07.28 Champaign (aka Champagne) 2007.05.22 Checkerboard cake [2] 2009.05.22 added to FAQ Cheesecake [56] FAQ Australia 2008.04.03 Bananas foster cheesecake 2004.05.05 chocolate 2001.09.11 New York [7] FAQ Per'Als Cheesecake (Califorinia) 2006.04.19 Reuben's (1929 gold medal) 2005.09.23 UK 2003.03.21 Chiffon [2] 2006.01.16 Chocolate [3] FAQ definition 2002.08.06 chocolate chip cake-1940s 2002.01.27 Chocolate mashed potato (Duncan Hines back of the box recipe) 2007.00.08 Jewish confectioners 2005.11.11 Molten lava cake [4] 2004.11.29 Layer 2004.01.17 Lydia Pinkaham's chocolate cake & icing recipe 2004.11.29 seven layer chocolate--see: seven layer Christmas cake--see: Yule cake Coca cola & 7Up [2] 2005.07.01 Coconut cake (aka cocoanut cake) & cocoanut icing [2] 2007.01.26 Coffee cake [15] FAQ Croquembouche [4] 2005.06.22 Crumb cake FAQ (coffeecake) cupcakes [12] FAQ Black bottom 2004.10.10 Cupcake liners (paper) 2004.02.11 Denmark, 1930s-1940s+ 2006.08.16 Hostess cupcakes 2005.01.09 Dacquoise [3] 2003.07.11 date cake (ancient) 2006.10.08 decoration-19th century 2001.11.03 Devils food [17] FAQ vs. chocolate (definition) 2003.06.22 dirt [14] FAQ Dobos torte 2004.11.01 doed koecks (dead cakes) [2] 2003.04.09 Dr. Bird cake---see: Hummingbird cake FAQ Dump cake [5] 2005.02.27 Duncan Hines chocolate & mashed potato cake (back of the box) 2007.09.08 Eccles [2] 2003.12.03 Edible cake tops (computer generated) 2004.06.15 Eggless, vanilla 2008.05.15 Eggs as rising agents (Elizabethan discovery)--see: snow Election [6] FAQ Empress Carlotta 2005.05.10 Feather (featherweight) early 20th century recipes 2005.08.27 fig cakes (ancient) 2002.01.08 Flag cake 2004.06.23 Flourless chocolate 2004.07.28 Friendship cake [3] 2004.04.19 fruit cake 2001.11.05 Baked in coffee cans, 1970s 2004.12.18 Christmas fruitcake--see: Yule cake Corisicana TX style 2000.04.24 Fruit pound cake (early American) 2006.11.10 Japanese fruit cake (see also: Sawdust Pie) 2009.10.21 Mrs. Baskin's fruit cake (MD) 2002.10.28 Nabisco (1940s-50s) [2] 2003.07.13 Paradise Fruit Cake 2007.06.30 Traditional ingredients 2004.06.29 fruit cocktail cake [2] 2007.05.28 Gateau FAQ Genoa sponge cake (Genoise) FAQ German's chocolate cake [5] 2004.08.03 with bananas 2004.02.09 Gerber baby food plum cake recipe 2003.11.30 ginger cakes & nutmeg 2003.06.05 Ginger Evans brand mixes (Sav-A-Lot) 2004.10.24 Gingerbread--see: gingerbread gold cake--see: yellow cake Gooey cake [Philadelphia] 2006.06.14 Graham cracker cake [2] 2008.02.15 groom's [3] FAQ Harvey Wallbanger Cake 2006.06.13 honey cakes (ancient)--see: date cake & fig cake hot milk [2] 2002.01.03 hot water hot water chocolate cake (cocoa) 2003.01.15 hot water ginger bread (aka hot water molasses) 2006.05.12 Hummingbird cake (aka cake that doesn't last) [5] FAQ Ice cream--see: ice cream-cake Icebox cake FAQ Italian cream cake [3] 2004.05.20 Italian love cake 2007.03.26 Jam cake 2005.11.30 Jar cake--see: cakes: cake in a jar Jello Poke Cake (& Jello cake) [2] 2003.02.03 Kahlua cake 2006.04.12 Keeping cake 2005.12.02 King Cake (Twelfth Night & Epiphany) FAQ Kransekake (Norway & Denmark) 2009.03.29 Lady Baltimore 2002.05.06 Lady fingers FAQ Lamingtons (Australia) [3] 2004.10.11 Lane FAQ Lemon [2] 2003.06.24 Log cabin cake 2007.12.18 Louise (New Zealand) 2004.02.13 Madeira 2008.11.22 Maids of Honour 2006.08.29 Malakoff (Malakov) 2008.07.10 Ma'mounia and ma'moul--see: basboosa Marble [3] FAQ Marquise au chocolat--see: chocolate Martha Washington (South Jersey/Philly recipe) [2] 2006.08.10 +11.14.06 Mayonnaise (& chocolate) [8] 2004.07.26 Melody wafers (Nabisco) [4] 2004.08.16 Mexican Wedding cake--see: cookies Mickey Cakes (American Bakeries/Interstate Bakeries) 2008.05.30 Miracle Whip (see: mayonnaise cake & send Miracle Whip Spice cake from Cooking with Miracle Whip) Milky Way Cake 2005.09.16 Mixes [4] FAQ UK cake mixes 2008.09.06 (not found, ref: Green's Sponge Mixture) Molasses (Russian) 2007.09.30 Mooncakes (China, secret messages) 2008.01.09 Mud [3] FAQ Mystery cake (aka tomato soup cake) [2] 2005.07.14 National Cake Day--see: National Food Days Nutbread 2002.10.10 Oatcakes 2004.03.19 Opera FAQ Paris-Brest [5] 2004.11.07 Paskhas (paska) (Ukranian Easter cheesecake) [2] 2006.06.19 patty cakes--see: patty pans Pavlova [4] FAQ Peach (yeast cake)/1940s 2003.08.27 Pear 2004.04.01 Perfect Chocolate Cake, McCalls March 1972 (p. 113-4) 2004.06.26 Philadelphia gooey cake (aka Philadelphia Butter Cake)--see: Gooey cake Pineapple upside-down [10] FAQ Pistachio [2] 2002.12.11 Pithiviers 2006.11.29 Plum cake 2008.01.13 Poor man's cake (Depression era)--see: butterless, eggless, milkless cake Poppy seed 2007.01.29 Pound cake [23] FAQ Pumpkin bread [2] 2005.03.14 Pumpkin rolls--see: Swiss rolls Queen [2] 2004.03.16 Queen Emma 2008.05.09 Queen of Sheba (flourless chocolate) 2008.01.18 Raw apple cake 2009.04 21 Red velvet [9] 2003.08.29 added to FAQ Refrigerator cake--see: Icebox cake Ripple cake (Australia)--same as Icebox cake (FAQ) Round shape--why? FAQ Rush-bearer's Cake--see: gingerbread, Grasmere Russian sheet cake 2005.05.18 Sacher torte [3] 2004.04.12 CAKE FAQ St. Honore [4] FAQ St. Timothy's coffee cake 2005.04.19 Sally Lunn [2] 2004.06.06 FAQ Sand Cake 2009.03.13 Saratoga cake [2] 2003.08.03 Sausage cake (aka pork cake) 2009.11.10 Savarin (related to Baba/Babka) [3] 2004.09.23 Seven layer Caramel cake (southern)--see: caramel cake Chocolate {Jewish) [3] 2003.07.14 Seven Up cake--see: cakes-Coca Cola cake Shadow cake 2008.03.26 Sheath (aka sheet, Texas sheet) FAQ Shortcake [9] (& Strawberry shortcake) 2004.06.24 Shower Cake (from Good Housekeeping Birthday Cake Bood) 2007.09.19 Shrewsbury cakes [4] 2006.10.29 Simnel [3] 2002.06.04 Snack'n Cake (Betty Crocker) [4] 2007.07.09 Sponge [2] FAQ Genoise [3] 2005.10.25 Nettie's Passover (recipe) 2002.03.28 Spritz [2] 2004.03.26 Stack cake 2006.12.23 Stollen [2] FAQ Sugar ingredient & chemical, staling/freshness effects 2009.10.26 Swedish diplomat cake 2004.01.24 Swedish princesss cake (aka princess cake) [2] 2003.11.01 Swiss rolls (how/why named?) [2] 2003.10.04 Texas sheet cake [8] FAQ Tipsy Parson (aka Tipsy Cake, Tipsy Pudding) 2007.03.30 Tomato soup cake--see: mystery cake Torta de Cielo --(almond sponge)--send sponge & almond FAQs Tortes (general, linzer, dobos, sacher) FAQ Tres leches (3 milk) [3] 2004.01.22 Tunnel of Fudge (Pillsbury bake off winner, original recipe) see: icing, Double Dutch Frosting Mix Victoria sandwich--see: cookies Victory Cake (Sunmaid) 2007.12.16 Wacky cake [4] FAQ Watergate cake--see also: pistachio cake [3] FAQ Watermelon cake 2007.03.29 Weary Willie cake 2009.03.30 Wedding cake [21] FAQ American 2003.08.14 Bridal processions 2006.01.08 colonial recipes [10] FAQ 1815 Ireland 2003.04.09 Johnson (Luci & Lynda Bird) recipes in: White House Family Cookbook/Henry Haller Lucrezia Borgia (15th century Italy) 2005.12.28 Traditions (English, breaking cake over bride's head) 2008.07.14 Victorian [3] FAQ White Trash cake 2009.02.27 Wood House 2003.10.15 Yellow cake (& gold) 2009.04.28 Yule cake (julekake, Christmas cake) [2] 2006.11.09 see also: bread:Vasilopita (Greek) & King cake FAQ Yum Yum cake 2004.05.17 Zucchini bread [4] 2005.01.12 (see also: banana bread & carrot cake FAQs) Cake flour--see: clour Cake mixes--see: cake 2003.02.03 Cake pans (with cutter implement) 2008.05.25 Cake stand brandy wells 2003.06.05 Calamari--see: squid Calas--see: doughnuts Calcium 2004.11.15 California cuisine--see: Countries-U.S. California dip (french onion soup mix & sour cream)--see: dips California roll [5] FAQ Callaloo--see: soups Calzones [3] FAQ Camel 2004.08.18 Cameline sauce--see: sauce Camembert--see: cheese Cameo--see: cookies Campaillou--see: breads Campbell's Soups--see: soup Camphor 2009.09.11 Canadian war cake--see:cake Canapes [13] 2003.11.20 Candied fruit (candied orange peel)--see:candy Candied yams (& candied sweet potaotes)--see: yams Candy [2] FAQ 1935 (popular American brands) 2005.05.08 1938 2003.09.16 1960s 2001.12.09 1970s 2006.02.19 1985 2009.04.18 Alaska (19th/early 20th century availability & types) 2007.03.15 Almond Cluster (Peter Paul) 2008.05.29 Almond cookies (Chinese) 2003.10.27 Alpine White (Nestle) 2009.04.18 Apollo Candy 2005.09.29 Army & Navy 2006.01.07 Baby Ruth candy bars, prices--see: food prices Bark (almond, chocolate) [2] 2005.12.08 Bible-era candies 2004.06.04 Blow pop (gum filled lollipop_ 2007.07.16 Bon bons 2004.05.27 Boston Baked Beans 2006.02.14 Brand names--how selected? 2003.10.17 Bridge Mix 2007.12.03 Brittle [13] FAQ Buckeye [7] 2005.06.05 FAQ Buttercrunch 2008.03.24 Butterscotch [4] 2004.02.24 Butterscotch chips 2005.12.06 Cajeta (includes dulce de leche) [3] 2002.12.16 Cake decorations (packaged candy alphabets) 2006.07.27 Candied fruit (candied orange or citon peel) [4] 2005.12.22 Candy corn 2007.10.15 (added content to Halloween FAQ) Capezzoli di Venere 2005.02.15 Caramel [6] FAQ Caramel apples (aka toffee apples, candied apples, carmel apples) [4] FAQ Chicken Bones 2008.07.03 Chocolate--see: Chocolate Christmas ornaments (clear candy, barley sugar candy) [2] 2005.12.22 Colonial-Civil War eras (United States) 2003.08.21 confectionery shops--see: Colonial America-confectioners Cotton candy [20] FAQ Cream candy (aka pulled cream candy) [2] 2005.04.22 Crunch bars (Nestles) 2006.05.11 Date balls (aka no bake date balls, honeyballs) [5] 2006.10.18 Denver Sandwich Candy (bar) 2006.10.29 Depression-era (sugar & evaporated milk) 2004.01.10 Divinity candy (fudge--including weather notes) [11] FAQ Betty Crocker/1964 2004.07.18 Dolly mixtures [2] FAQ Early American [4] FAQ Easter eggs (chocolate etc.) 2004.08.12 Fairy food (Wisconsin) 2003.12.27 Fizz candy (Zotz, Lotsa Fizz) 2008.08.11 (see also Pop Rocks FAQ) Fondant (see also: icing-fondant) [3] 2007.10.04 Fudge [9] FAQ Federal Fudge (Civil War era) 2007.03.30 Hershey's cocoa [2] 2003.11.19 Peanut butter 2004.04.27 Russian 2004.03.22 Gibraltar rock 2006.06.20 Gumdrops [5] 2003.11.12 Gummi bears 2004.04.01 Hagelslag (chocolate sprinkles from Holland Dutch) 2005-09-09 Halvah [5] 2002.12.12 Halvah manufacturers, New York City 2008.08.14 Hard candies 2002.11.16 Honeycomb (Australia)--see: sponge candy Horehound (hoarhound) [3] 2006.01.02 Irish candy (yellowman, yallaman) 2009.07.26 Jawbreakers [2] 2006.05.11 Jelly beans [5] 2005.08.22 Jimmies (aka chocolate shots, sprinkles) 2008.04.02 Jolly Ranchers [2] 2004.03.01 Jujubees (Heide Co.) 2002.08.13 Jujyfruit & jujubes [2] 2003.11.07 Kendal Mint Cake 2006.10.05 Lafayettes 2009.01.22 Licorice [9] FAQ Lollipops [7] FAQ Lollipops in banks 2007.07.27 Louis Sherry confectioners (retail candy) 2004.07.13 Loukoumi--see: Turkish delight Love Nest--see: Euclid Candy Co M&Ms--how named? [2] 2003.11.20 MacIntosh Toffee 2009.11.04 Marshmallows--see: marshmallows Marzipan [6] FAQ Elizabethan shapes 2002.05.18 Mary Jane 2006.05.17 Mass manufactuing (19th century) 2005.10.19 Mike & Ike 2008.03.04 Milk Duds/alternate flavors 2002.07.10 Milk Duds--prices: see: foo prices Mints, after dinner [4] 2003.09.24 Mostarda 2006.02.21 Muisjes 2005.02.08 Night Editor (Cardinet Candy Co.) 2007.09.21 Nik L Nips (wax soda-shaped bottles filled with liquid colored sugar) 2006.02.24 No-bake--see: date balls Noant (Passover candy) 2006.03.29 Nougat (aka turron, torrone) 2005.12.20 Opera candy, fudge & creams [6] FAQ Packaging (tins, wrappers, paper, boxes) 2006.12.16 Payday 2007.04.11 Peanut brittle--see: brittle Pecan balls [2] 2005.08.08 Peggy Ann Candies (Des Moines IA) 2004.07.14 Penny candy [4] 2003.09.23 Penuche (Panoche) 2006.03.16 Peppermint pig--see: peppermint sticks Peppermint sticks [3] 2003.11.12 Pop Rocks (Space Dust, Cosmic Candy, Increda Bubble) 2008.06.16 FAQ Popcorn balls (includes caramel corn) [4] 2004.02.01 Potato (aka Needham's) 2002.12.20 Irish potato candy [6] 2005.01.10 Pralines (sugared almonds) [4] FAQ Pralines, Belgian (chocolate creams) 2005.01.25 Ribbon candy [2] 2005.05.10 Rock candy [5] 2004.04.19 Salt water taffy [3] 2004.10.29 Scotch kisses 2005.12.30 Seafoam candy--see: Sponge candy Silver dragees (cake decorations) 2005.04.25 Smarties 2005.01.16 S'mores (Hershey) 2005.10.04 Starburst [2] 2005.08.16 Snow candy (aka wax sugar) 2005.03.31 Sponge candy [5] 2006.03.21 Sugar mice (also sugar angels) [2] 2004.12.27 Sugarplums [2] 2004.02.04 Swedish fish 2004.06.24 Sweetmeats [FAQ] Tablet (Scotland) 2008.05.15 Taffy, toffee & caramel (see also salt water taffy) [14] [FAQ] Tamarindo 2005.04.18 Tic Tacs 2006.05.11 Tobacco candy (aka rose candy) [3] 2006.08.01 Tootsie rolls 2001.04.01 Leo Hirsfield (company founder)--photo? 2008.10.14 Turkish delights (lumps of delight) [4] 2003.11.20 Turtles (chocolate, caramel & nuts) [2] 2005.11.08 Twix (Mars) 2006.05.11 Vanilla chocolate/white chocolate--see: chocolate FAQ Washington, Martha candy [4] 2003.12.13 Watermelon slices, coconut flavored [2] --see: oldtimecandy.com Werther's Original 2009.05.28 Canned food & can openers [9] 2004.05.10 coatings inside of food cans 2008.05.03 First canned food in America [2] 2005.03.09 1860 2002.08.25 "10 cent" 004.02.09 Vaccuum packed (Amanda Jones) 2005.12.20 vegetables--how long can they last? 2002.10.12 Canneloni (pasta shape) [2] 2003.02.01 Cannoli [4] 2006.10.28 Canola oil--see: oils Canteloupe--see: curcurbits Cape Breton pork pies--see: pie Capers [10] 2004.03.08 Capezzoli di Venere--see: candy Capri Sun juice pouches 2006.10.02 Caramel--see: candy Caramel apples--see: candy Caramel cake--see:cakes Caramel pudding--see:pudding Caramelizing vs carmelizing 2002.12.07 Carbohydrate lesson plans 2000.10.16 Carbonade 2007.10.22 Carbonated drinks, first 2004.11.18 Carbonated water/carbonic acid--see:siphon bottles Cardamom 2007.10.27 Cardinal sauce--see: sauces Cardoon (aka wild artichoke) [2] 2006.05.28 Careme, Antonin--see: chefs Cariboo Gold Rush (Yukon) see: countries Carmen (consomme)--see:soup Carne asada [5] 2003.06.07 Carob 2006.05.01 Caroz (plant?) 2005.03.09 Carpaccio 2008.10.21 Carpetbag steak--see: steak Carrifruit salad--see: salad Carrot cake, Argovia--see: cake Carrots FAQ Cartocci & tatu (Sicilian Day of the Dead foods) 2003.06.14 Cashew chicken--see: chicken Cashews 2004.10.30 Cassata--see: cake Cassava & tapioca 2002.11.20 Casseroles [11] FAQ Broccoli, cheese & rice 2001.03.11 Broccoli rice [2] 2004.10.04 Cleveland, OH 2002.10.22 Cocotte 2007.06.13 Green bean [5] 2003.12.31 Green bean amandine (green bean almondine) [4] 2005.11.22 Hash brown casserole 2004.11.03 Hot dish 2005.09.28 Johnny Marzetti (aka baked spaghetti casserole, Roman Holiday) [3] 2006.11.6 King Ranch--see: chicken overnight breakfast 2002.11.22 Tuna noodle casserole 2005.09.14 Tuna potato chip/1950s 2004.05.07 Cassoulet [2] 2004.01.20 Castella--see: cakes Catering [4] FAQ SEE ALSO: CHEFS, COOKS Afro-American owned FAQ First Joshua Bown Smith [Boston] NYC, 1890s 2008.02.16 WWII America 2002.11.08 Catfish--see: fish Cathead biscuits--see: biscuits Cattle, Viking--see: beef Cauliflower [2] 2004.08.04 Caviar [7] 2004.04.05 Gironde, France 2005.11.13 Cayenne pepper--see: peppers Celeriac 2007.11.29 Celery [2] 2005.11.20 in egg salad (why?) 2003.07.21 9th course (Titanic) 2004.03.23 stuffed 2004.12.09 see also: Ants on a Log FAQ Centerpieces (for cakes) 2003.07.28 Cereal, first sugared 2004.01.17 Cerelose--see: corn syrup Cervelas--see: sausages Cerviche 2004.03.06 Chafing dish 2007.03.10 Challah--see: bread Chalupa [4] 2004.02.25 Champaign cake (aka champagne cake)--see: cakes Changing the lady--see: chefs-chef wear Chanpuru (Okinawa) 2004.06.01 Chantilly cream--see: cream of chantilly Char kway teow (Malaysian street food) 2006.08.25 Char-su pork 2003.09.05 Charcoal (as a cooking fuel) 2006.11.27 Charcuterie [2] 2004.04.19 Austria 2004.05.27 Sauce--see: sauces=charcuterie Chard--see: Swiss chard Charged water--see: water Chargers (service plates) [3] 2004.07.01 Charlotte- peach [2] 2003.03.21 Charlotte russe [3] 2004.10.28 Chateau Domecq--see: wine Chateaubriand 2004.05.31 Chaud froid (fancy meat coverings) 2008.03.10 Chayote (choko) 2006.01.24 Checkerboard cake--see: cakes Cheddar cheese with apple pie--see: cheese Cheddarwurst--see: sausages-bratwurst Cheerios 2001.11.27 Cheese [6] 2006.10.07 19th century USA 2008.10.06 19th century England (popular) 2004.09.08 American 2006.09.26 Asiago 2007.11.09 Balls [3] 2003.12.02 Bleu cheese [2] 2002.12.08 Bleu vs Blue 2006.10.26 New Zealand bleu cheese 2004.09.30 Boursin [2] 2007.07.14 Brie [2] 2005.05.26 Camembert 2008.11.26 Cantal 2005.11.17 Cheddar [3] 2003.10.07 Cheddar with apple pie 2003.07.23 Cheese puffs [5] (snack food) 2004.06.07 Cheese straws [2] 2004.06.21 Cheez Whiz 2005.12.28 Color 2004.03.21 Cottage [2] 2004.05.03 Cream cheese FAQ Easy Cheese--see: Cheez Whiz Edam 2005.11.04 Emmenthaler (Emmental) 2006.04.10 Feta [3] 2004.07.28 Fromage frais 2004.11.01 Goat [3] 2003.07.20 Gouda 2005.11.20 Head--see: head cheese in a jar [1949 Death of a Salesman] [2] 2004.02.17 Laughing Cow (brand) & South Beach diet 2004.05.17 Lorraine Swiss 2006.08.30 Mexico [3] 2006.04.24 Chihuahua (Mexican) [2] 2005.10.31 Cotija (Mexico) 2006.04.24 Crema (Mexico) 2006.04.24 Jalisco (Mexico) 2008.07.22 Manchego (Mexico) 2005.11.04 mold [shelf life] 2002.04.27 Mozzarella cheese [3] 2002.10.23 Mozzarella sticks [2] 2003.07.01 Munster (meunster) 2005.11.25 Nacho cheese 2003.07.30 Neufchatel 2005.11.25 Olomouc (Czech "stinking cheese) 2005.11.26 Pabst-ett (Pabst Brewing Company/1920s & 1930s) [2] 2005.04.17 Paneer (panir--India) 2008.10.13 Pimento [2] 2003.09.28 Provolone 2006.11.26 Pudding see: pudding-cheese Quark 2005.05.06 Ricotta [4] 2004.05.16 Roquefort (& Roquefort dressing) 2005.02.16 Snack Mate (Nabisco) & other "squeese cheese" see: cheez whiz U.S. (How arrived) 2004.02.09 Velveeta 2000.08.04 Cheesecake--see: cakes Cheesewurst--see: sausages-bratwurst Cheez Doodles--see: crackers Cheez Whiz--see: cheese Cheez-its--see: crackers Chef Boy-Ar-Dee & What's Cooking radio program 2005.10.27 Chef oil--see: oils Chef's salad--see: salads Chef's table--see: restaurants Chef's uniforms--see: chefs-chef wear Chefs [5] 2004.10.10 SEE ALSO: COOKS Careme, Antonin [2] 2004.03.08 books in English? 2004.11.21 George IV service 2008.12.05 quote...'five arts' 2001.03.19 Chef rivalries 2003.07.17 Chef wear (toques, checked pants, etc.) [5] 2004.01.27 Changing the lady--origin & meaning? not found (CIA consulted) possibly changing breast flaps on jacket? 2007.07.26 Ribbons on chef jackets 2008.05.04 Cussy, Marquis de (Napoleon/Dunand) 2008.07.12 Dept. Of Labor reclassification [1976] 2002.10.27 Escoffier (in New York) 2007.06.21 history of profession/why men? 2003.10.13 Melah, Valentino (chef to President Grant) 2007.04.27 NYC--cookbook (Tschirky) 2003.09.08 Personal chef (aka private chef) [2] 2009.09.08 Wade, David (Dallas TV show "The Gourmet") 2007.11.24 Chekhov's food (Three Sisters) 2003.02.21 Chelsea buns--see: bread Chelow--see: rice Cherimoya 2007.09.13 Chermoula--see: sauces--chermoula Cherokee--see: Native Americans Cherries [8] 2004.03.08 Jubilee [10] FAQ Maraschino [4] 2003.07.30 Green maraschino 2004.12.01 Monterosa 2004.01.04 pie--see:pie Pottage--see: pudding Chervil 2009.01.02 Cheshire pork pie--see: pies Chestnuts--see: nuts Chewing gum [9] FAQ Bubble gum 2002.01.28 Black Jack brand 2004.04.09 How to make 2002.03.28 How word are printed on gumballs 2004.05.11 Milk carton novelty gum (shaped like little pebbles) 2006.05.06 Prices, 1988 2003.03.02 Sweet Wheat brand 2003.01.13 Chex Mix [16] FAQ Chia 2008.12.12 Chiboust (aka creme St. Honore) 2005.07.11 Chicago Brick--see: ice cream Chicken [14] FAQ & the egg--which came first? 2003.11.10 & fettucini 2007.06.05 & rice [2] 2005.12.11 & waffles [3] 2003.10.28 A la king [4] FAQ Airline [2] FAQ Alfredo [2] 2004.03.14 Arroz con Polo [3] 2004.02.16 Burgundy 2004.08.07 Cacciatore--see: chasseur Cashew chicken [2] 2001.12.26 Chasseur [2] 2005.01.20 Chicken Creole 2008.12.19 Chicken egg noodle dinner (jar) [2] 2009.03.11 Chicken Elizabeth--see: Coronation Chicken Cornflake chicken (coated) [AKA Corn crisped chicken] 2008.01.22 Croquettes (Howard Johnson's) [2] 2006.07.05 City chicken (mock chicken) [7] FAQ Coq au vin [9] FAQ Cordon bleu [9] FAQ cordon bleu vs cordon rouge Coronation chicken [2] 2005.09.18 Country Captain FAQ Demidof 2008.02.03 Dumplings FAQ Empress chicken--see: General Tso's chicken Fajitas [2] FAQ Francese (aka francise) [6] 2003.06.10 Fricassee [3] 2006.03.22 Fried chicken [24] FAQ Batter fried 2009.01.22 (added to faq) Kansas vs Kentucky styles 2003.07.10 Market data & consumption 2008.02.10 Frontier chicken 2006.04.26 General Tso's 2005.09.25 Grilled chicken salad--see: salads Hainanese chicken rice 2007.02.09 Jamaican jerk chicken [2] 2006.04.21 Jerusalem 2008.01.08 Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) [2] 2004.03.16 Hawaiian restaurants 2006.01.26 Original site/museum 2004.05.26 Kiev [2] 2005.07.18 King Ranch chicken [2] 2003.10.24 Kung Po (Kung Pao) 2005.08.18 Lollipops 2007.01.18 Lynden Chicken & Noodle Dinner--seeL Chicken egg noodle dinner (jar) Marengo [2] 2005.03.26 Maryland [2] 2006.07.27 noodle soup--see: soup Nuggets/fingers [2] 2004.10.02 Orange chicken (Asian) [3] 2004.10.07 Paprika (Hungarian) 2004.11.18 Parmesan/parmigiana [3] 2005.01.26 Pollo Aguascalientes (Mexican dish) 2007.09.26 Pollo Loco (chain restaurant)--copycat recipes on Internet Pot pie--see: pies-pot pie Poussin (little chickens) 2003.07.20 Provencale 2005.04.22 Ranch style 2000.11.29 Roast 2006.04.02 salad--see: salad sandwich (first fast food menu item: Chick-Fil-A) 2006.11.03 Satay--see: satay Sesame chicken 2005.05.26 Stroganoff (Brazil) 2005.03.17 Tetrazzini--see:Tetrazzini Vesuvio 2008.03.28 Wiggle--see: shrimp, wiggle word origin 2005.04.21 Chicken bones--see: candy Chicken fried steak--see: country fried steak Chicken haddie (canned fish: haddock) 2005.02.27 Chicken Jerusalem--see: chicken, Jerusalem Chicken of the Sea--see: tuna Chickling 2002.09.16 Chicory 2005.12.19 instant beverage (1960s) not identified Chiffon cake--see: cakes Chiffon margarine--see: margarine Chiffon pie--see: pies Chilaquiles--see: eggs-migas Children's menus--see: menus Chile Burros--see: burritos Chilean sea bass/endangered status 2004.01.23 Chili [2] 2002.02.19 A&P recipe on bean can--A&P cannot provide, not found Chili & chocolate--see: Aztec FAQ Chili & cornbread 2007.04.18 Chili bricks (prepared foods, different brands) 2009.10.28 Chili cheese fries--see: potatoes-french fries Chili con carne [2] FAQ Chili Dogs (1st) 2004.03.10 Chili powder 2007.11.08 fire houses & chili cookoffs 2003.10.30 $20,000 contest winner 2003.09.24 Chili crab (Malaysia street food) 2006.08.27 Chili peppers--see: peppers Chili powder--see: chili Chili rellenos--see: peppers Chili Sauce (Beechnut)--see: Beechnut Chili verde 2007.04.09 Chimichangas FAQ Chimichurri 2005.04.09 China box 2003.07.27 China chews (aka Chinese chews)--see: cookies Chinese-American food [5] FAQ Chinese chicken salad--see:salads Chinese food in Paris--see: restaurants Chinese New Year foods--see: holidays Chinese pie--see:pies-shepherd's pie Chinese pretzel--see: cookies Chinese take out packaging--see: food packaging Chinois (bouillon strainer) 2003.10.24 Chipolata--see: sausages Chipotle --see: peppers Chipped beef & cream see: shito on a shingle Chipwich--see: ice cream Chitterlings/chilins [3] 2004.02.10 Chives 2007.03.27 Chivito--see: sandwiches Cho cho bars--see: ice cream Chock Full O'Nuts restaurants 2004.01.10 Chocolate [5] FAQ Aztec flavorings (inclucing chocolate & chili) 2006.04.01 beverage--Kayo Chocolate Drink (like Yoohoo) [2] 2006.12.07 cake--see: cake Chocolate candy [2] 2003.08.21 Chocolate candy bars 2008.02.27 prices 2002.12.12 Chocolate coins [2] 2007.10.23 Chocolate molds 2007.02.16 Code (industry-wide, to tell what is inside) 2006.12.19 medicinal properties [flavonoids] 2006.03.02 truffles [7] FAQ Valentines Day [3] 2003.01.30 Chocolate covered ants 2005.11.06 cherries 2002.11.16 graham crackers--see: cookies pretzels 2006.05.31 saltines strawberries [2] 2004.05.31 cheese cake--see: cake chip cake--see: cake chip cookies--see: cookies gianduja--see: Nutella gravy [5] 2003.09.15 hot & cocoa-Aztecs [2] FAQ hot & marshmallows [2] 2003.10.11 Jewish importation 2003.07.27 Marquise au chocolat [3] 2004.02.29 Milk 2006.07.07 mousse [9] FAQ Nutella (chocolate hazelnut spread) [3] 2006.11.12 pain au chocolat--see: bread Powdered (cocoa) 2003.11.19 shakes 2002.05.14 souffle--see: souffle Swiss Miss cocoa 2006.02.09 Syrup 2003.09.01 white FAQ Choko--see: chayote Chopped salads--see: salads Chop suey [7] FAQ See also: American chop suey Chopped liver--see: liver Chopsticks [3] 2004.07.07 Chorizo--see: sausages Choron sauce--see: sauces Choux--see: pastry (French) Chow (as a synoym for food) 2003.10.04 Chow fun (faan) 2003.08.04 Chow mein [3] FAQ Chowder--see: soup Christian foods 2003.09.17 Christmas cake--see: cake-Yule Christmas foods FAQ see also: holidays Chruschiki--see: doughnuts Chuck--see: beef Chuckwagons & beans--see: beans Chufa [2] 2007.01.07 Churchkeys 2004.03.19 Churros [7] 2004.03.29 Chutney [3] 2005.03.16 Ciabatta--see: bread Cider--see: apples Cinnamon [4] 2003.11.16 Cigarette paste 2004.06.15 Cinnabon (company) 2009.04 23 Cinnamon pickles--see: pickles Cinnamon rolls (aka sticky buns, schnecken) [9] FAQ Cinnamon toast [2] 2005.02.25 Circus foods (18th & 19th century, American) 2007.03.23 Citron--see: Buddha's hand City chicken (mock chicken) see: chicken Civil war foods--see: Countries, U.S. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 2007.07.09 Clafoutis [2] 2005.05.02 Clam bake [2] 2003.11.30 New England (why egg?) 2008.06.20 Ohio 2004.11.26 Clams 2005.10.13 Clam sticks (Mrs. Pauls) 2008.09.18 Clams casino [5] 2004.04.06 FAQ Claridge canned hamburgers--see: hamburgers Clarification & eggs--see: eggs Classical European cooking [4] 2003.10.26 Classical, modern & future cuisine 2001.09.01 Clay cookery for baking & bread see: bread Cleveland's Baking Powder Company 2002.05.30 Clotted cream--see: cream Cloves 2004.01.14 Club Aluminum--see: waterless cooking Club bars (Jacob's) 2003.02.06 Club sandwich---see sandwiches Cobbler--see: pie Coca Cola cake ( & 7Up cake)--see: cakes Cocada--see: pudding Cochineal (food coloring) [2] 2005.10.18 Cock-a-leekie [2] 2005.01.29 FAQ (soups) Cocktails--see: alcoholic beverages Cocoa--see: chocolate, hot Cocomalt [3] 2005.02.26 Coconuts [4] FAQ Cocotte--see: casseroles CocoWheats (chocolate flavored cream of wheat cereal) 2004.01.08 Cod fish balls--see: fish-fish balls Coddled eggs--see: eggs Coffee [2] 2003.02.03 Brewing techniques/17th & 18th century France 2004.06.08 cake --see: cake chicory (substitute)--see: chicory Civil War & cowboy coffee (focus on substitutes) [3] 2003.06.30 Coffee houses--see: restaurants Coffee klatches 2001.03.14 Colonial/early American brewing methods 2005.12.14 ice cream flavor--see: ice cream instant 2002.06.25 Irish coffee 2007.06.22 Maxim (freeze dried) 2008.04.21 Spanish, in Oregon 2005.11.16 Taster's Choice (label lawsuit) 2009.09.30 Waldorf Astoria brand (Savarin) 2009.08.10 Coffee can bread--see: bread Coffee cream (confecioners' ingredient) 2009.01.07 Coffins (pie crust) [2] 2004.01.16 Colcannon FAQ Cold boiled-see: beef Cold cuts [2] 2006.10.10 Cold shape 2009.02.16 Cole slaw [6] FAQ Collard greens--see: greens College food service-see: food service College pudding--see:puddings Colman's gravy salt (UK product) 2004.12.22 Colocassi (colocasia)--see: taro Coloring, food see:food coloring Columbia meat press 2005.12.26 Columbian exchange [6] 2004.03.05 Combination plate (Mexican-American menu choice) 2009.05.05 Comfort food [4] 2003.10.27 Community table 2001.12.08 Complicated foods 2002.01.26 Compote [2] 2003.09.13 Concentrate (Kellogg's cereal) 2004.11.05 Condiments 2006.07.19 Plastic packets--see: food packaging Conell rising--see: yeast Confectioners' sugar--see:sugar Confit 2007.01.23 Confucious--see: religion & food Continental breakfast--see:breakfast Continental cuisine [3] 2004.11.03 Convenience foods 2003.09.09 (see also: 1950s-convenience foods) Cook books, ancient--see also: recipes, first written [4] 2004.01.01 Cook books--1st American published 2004.01.01 Cook books/booklets--where to buy? 2003.06.19 People's Cook Book/Jennie Taylor (1882) 2007.03.02 Cook/Chill meals 2003.09.11 Cook Island foods--see: countries Cookers--see: kitchens Cookie exchanges 2004.12.10 Cookie tables (Pittsburgh) 2003.06.13 Cookies [12] FAQ 4 in 1 Cookie Dough (Kraft) 2007.12.07 6 Way Butter Cookies (Pillsbury) 2007.12.07 Afghan (from Australia/New Zealand) 2004.07.27 Alfajores 2004.05.17 Almond Almond paste cookies/pine nut cookies [2] 2000.08.25 Almond tile [2] 2002.12.15 Chinese almond cookies 2009.10.27 Ammonia [5] FAQ Anginette 2006.01.18 Animal crackers [6] FAQ Animal with pink icing [6] 2004.08.17 Cowboy & Indian (Nabisco, packaged like Animal crackers) 2006.07.01 Apee 2004.12.08 Applejacks 2003.09.16 Applesauce cookies--see: cakes-applesauce Bagelach 2006.08.04 Baronet (Nabisco) 2004.09.28 Biscotti [2] FAQ Bizcochito recipe 2001.11.19 Bizcochitos [2] FAQ Black & whites [3] 2003.04.29 Bocaditos de meil de abeja (honey drops, Latin America) 2005.10.16 Bourbon cream bsicuits (UK) [2] 2007.05.15 Brown sugar cookies--see: German molasses cookies Butter balls (sugar & nut cookies) 2003.02.06 Bread to keep them soft 2002.12.17 C.C. Biggs 2007.08.14 Cameo (Nabisco) 2009.03.25 Checkerboard cookies 2006.04.29 China chews (aka Chinese Chews) 2006.09.17 Chinese pretzels 2005.01.11 Choc Mint Slice (Australia) 2007.09.16 Chocolate chip [9] FAQ Chocolate chip (Toll House) 2003.06.17 Chocolate covered graham crackers 2008.04.12 Chocolate peanut butter bars 2007.12.14 Chocolate snaps (Nabisco) [6] FAQ Christmas 2001.12.11 Clothespin (see also: cannoli) 2003.08.22 Club bars/Jacobs 2003.02.06 Coconut ridge bar cookies (Salerno) 2009.12.30 Commodore cookies [2] 2005.03.28 Cookie decorations (FAQ for Christmas cookies) 2003.11.05 Cookie dough 2002.12.09 Cookie mixes (packaged) 2006.05.21 Cracknell 2007.12.27 Csorege (Hungarian) 2004.03.05 Custard Cream Biscuit 2007.09.12 Empire biscuits 2005.10.08 Fig Newtons [6] FAQ Fig Newtons--wasps 2002.09.17 Flapjacks (British oatmeal cookies) 2006.06.15 Fortune cookies [7] FAQ French biscuits & culture 2006.02.17 French crackers (sugar cookies) 2004.12.17 Fruitana (brand) [2] 2004.09.05 Fudge 'N Nut cookies 2006.09.19 Gallette (French Canadian/Quebec) 2005.01.30 Garibaldi biscuits (raisin cookies) [7] 2005.02.07 German molasses cookies 2002.08.26 Ghrybe (Lebanese sugar cookies) 2004.12.11 Ginger snaps [2] 2005.12.12 Gingerbread nuts (aka Ginger Nuts, Spice Nuts) 2009.01.26 Girl Scout Burry--see: Burry Company prices--see: food prices, cookies Shortbread (aka Trefoils) 2008.01.22 Thin mint 2003.02.15 Gingerbread men--famous people 2002.05.22 Golden Creams (Nabisco) 2007.05.17 Graham crackers, chocolate-coated 2002.06.29 Haman's ears 2004.08.07 Happyniks [2] 2006.01.27 Hello Dolly bars (aka Magic Seven Layer Bars) [7] 2006.06.26 Hermit [3] 2004.10.12 Heydey (Nabisco) 2008.08.12 Hippodromes [3] 2005.09.10 Hydrox 2006.11.10 Ice box cookies see: refrigerator cookies Ideal Bars (Nabisco--Nutter Butter precursors) 2009.09.14 Jack's Cookies (aka Happy Jacks) 2009.04.09 Jam thumbprint--see: Thumbprint Japanese peanut cookies (no such thing--suggested "dessert" alternatives 2003.11.12 Jelly cookies 2001.07.19 Johnnie Cookie [3] 2006.12.01 Joe Froggers [3] 2006.07.25 Jumbals [aka gimmows, gemmels, sugar cakes, sugar cookies] [4]FAQ Kamishbrot (Ukraine) 2005.01.24 Kiflings (kiflis, kipfels) [3] 2004.11.24 Kringla/kringle (Norway) 2004.09.23 Langues de chat FAQ Lemon bars [5 ] 2003.08.28 Lemon thins [2] 2009.10.19 Lisbon cakes 2007.05.25 Lizzies 2009.03.28 Magic Cookie Bars--see: Hello Dolly Bars Mallomars [3] 2003.04.29 Mandelbrot [5] 2003.12.10 Maria 2005.08.12 Marshmallow sandwiches (Nabisco) [71] FAQ Marshmallow sandwiches (Sunshine) 2002.11.21 Medianyky (Russian honey cookies) 2007.10.16 Melodies Melody (Nabisco) [7] 2004.08.16 Melting moments 2008.12.08 FAQ Mexican wedding cookies [77] FAQ Moravian cookies [2] 2003.01.30 Mostaccioli 2004.11.13 Mr. Chips (Burry's) 2007.12.29 Nabisco Favorite Assortment 2009.05.14 New Year's cookies, Dutch & German (lady cookies) [2] 2006.12.02 Newlyweds (Pennsylvania Dutch) 2009.01.08 Nilla Wafers--see also: Vanilla wafers (Nabisco) 2003.06.16 name change (1967) [2] 2004.09.20 No-bake [3] 2003.10.14 Date balls (honey balls) see: candy Recipes without oatmeal 2009.02.11 Oatmeal [4] 2005.04.07 "One bowl" method (oatmeal cookies, Quaker oats) 2008.12.15 Oreos [16] FAQ Double Stuf 2005.07.10 Vanilla [2] 2004.03.15 Palmiers [8] 2004.10.01 Pantry Cookies (Nabisco) 2004.06.03 Peanut butter cookies [4] FAQ Pfeferneusse--see: ginger snaps Pinwheel (Nabisco) [2] 2005.07.18 Pizzelles (aka krumkake, gauffretes, belgian waffle cookies) [11] 2004.02.15 Plantation 2005.09.27 Rainbow cookies (tri-colored, Italian aka Helvetia) 2009.04.16 Refrigerator (aka icebox, slice and bake) [3] 2005.12.15 Rococco (Italian cookies) recipes tucked inside Pomp & Sustenance Rock cake (aka Rock cookies) [2] 2006.09.21 Rosettes [4] 2007.01.06 Royal Dansk Luxury Wafers 2006.01.02 Rum balls 2005.12.03 Rugelach [2] FAQ see also Bagelach Sable 2003.11.02 Sand tarts 2006.12.21 Sandwich cakes 2003.11.16 Sandwich cremes with lemon filling 2007.02.15 (not yet found) Santa's whiskers 2003.03.12 Saratoga Flakes (Nabisco) 2006.06.08 Schenkeles (Alsatian fried cinnamon cookies) 2006.05.21 Scooter pies [9] 2004.09.13 NOTE: pies currently sold in FoodTown Sesame seeds (Italian & Greek)--see: sesame seeds Seven layer [2] 2005.11.12 Seven layer bars--see: Hello Dolly Bars Shortbread [31] FAQ Millionaire's shortbread 2007.03.12 Snaps (Nabisco) [4] FAQ (w/marshmallow sandwich cookies) Snickerdoodles [3] FAQ Spritz [2] 2005.04.07 Stained glass window cookies 2005.01.03 Stroopwafels 2004.04.14 Sturbridge spice 2001.04.14 Sultanas 2006.01.13 Swastika (Pacific Coast Biscuit Company/Nabisco) 2009.03.22 Swedish Cream Wafers 2009.04 21 Tea cakes caloric values 2002.11.19 definition [2] 2004.09.06 Russian tea cakes [12] FAQ Tennessee tea cakes 2005.09.21 Thin Mints/Girl Scout 2003.02.15 Thumbprint [4] 2004.01.13 Toll House--see: chocolate chip Tom Thumb bars (aka Dream bars) [2] 2006.03.19 Tortas de aceite (olive wafers, Spain) 2008.04.08 Tray bakes--see: lemon bars (bar cookies) True Blue Sandwich Cookies (Sunshine) 2008.07.31 Vanilla wafers (Nabisco) 2005.10.05 Victoria sandwich 2003.12.30 White Christmas Slice (Australia/Christmas biscuit) 2007.12.26 Whoopie pies [2] 2004.08.21 (See also: Moon pies, link from FT) Yes Yes [2] 2004.12.20 Yum yums [3] 2004.01.19 Cookie vs. Cooky (spelling variation) 2008.09.02 Cookies & Cream--see: ice cream "Cooking from scratch"--see: scratch Cooking-why started (Prehistoric) [18] 2003.10.23 Cooking contests [2] 2003.03.25 Cooking schools see: schools-cooking Cooking shows (television-1970s) [3] 2007.04.23 Cooking techniques through time [2] 2003.12.08 Cooking utensils (research sources, American) 2007.02.08 Cooks SEE ALSO: CHEFS Ancient Rome 2005.05.22 contribution to civilization 2004.04.28 Cool Whip (inventor) 2005.10.24 Cooters (box turtles) 2003.09.16 Coppa 2006.10.29 Coq au vin--see: chicken Coquille St. Jacques [2] 2005.02 18 Cordials--see: alcoholic beverages Cordon bleu--see: chicken Cornflakes--see: chicken, cornflake chicken Corn [3] 2003.09.05 Corn (maize) v. Corn (grains) [3] 2004.11.26 Corn (elementary homeschool sources) 2002.11.06 Africa, introduction 2006.05.14 arepas (South American corn bread) 2007.01.09 chowder--see: soup corn bread [35] FAQ & World War I 2003.10.22 corn dodgers 2006.08.20 (paper only) corn fritters 2003.11.25 cornmeal mush [3] 2002.01.10 creamed corn 2007.08.12 genetic changes 2003.12.09 hoe cakes--really cooked on hoes? 2005.01.31 Johnnie cakes 2003.11.07 Mazamorra 2006.02.05 oil--see: oil-corn polenta [5] 2004.05.20 FAQ pone & hoe cakes FAQ pudding--see: pudding scalloped [2] 2002.11.25 Spoon bread [2] 2002.09.28 stick pans 2003.07.02 white 2002.02.12 Corn Bill--see: Corn Willie Corn crisped chicken--see: chicken, cornflake Corn dogs [15] FAQ suppliers 2002.10.08 How to make? [3] 2004.03.08 Pronto pups FAQ Corn flakes 2-006-05.16 Corn Soya (Kellogg's product) 2007.04.16 Corn syrup & hugh fructose corn syrup [4] 2004.01.15 Cerelose 2009.03.11 Corn Willie (soldier term, corned beef) 10.08.2008 Corned beef [11] FAQ Broadcast brand corned beef 2006.07.01 ethnic origins (Jewish? Irish?) 2002.01.06 tins [2] 2003.06.25 Cornsalad--see: lettuce-lamb's lettuce Cornstarch [3] 2006.02.08 Chinese foods 2005.12.21 Coronation chicken--see: chicken Cosmic Candy--see: candy, Pop Rocks Cottage cheese--se:cheese Cottage ham--see: ham Cottage pie (aka shepherd's pie) FAQ Cottage pudding--see: pudding Cotton candy--see:candy Cottosuet (compound cottonseed oil & lard) 2009.02.27 Coulibiac [4] 2003.10.02 Count of Monte Cristo/Dumas (party menu) 2005.01.05 Country & ethnic cuisine Afghanistan 2004.01.04 Africa 2004.10.20 Ancient civilizations: Khoisan, Kush, Bantu, Axum, Nok 2005.11.13 Khoisan (KhoiKhoi) 2007.07.23 Albania 2004.01.26 Algeria 2004.02.22 Argentina [2] 2004.12.09 See also: asado Armenia [2] 2004.03.05 see also: lavash (FAQ) & matkanash (bread) Australia [9] 2004.03.08 1820s-1860s (common Anglo foods) [2] 2008.03.05 1870s 2002.08.31 1930-present [2] 2003.07.07 American food 2004.02.23 Christmas food--see: Holidays-Christmas fast food 2003.01.25 fried rice [2] FAQ Greek food 2005.08.31 Italian food [2] 2004.08.12 Meat pies--see: pies Restaurants--see: Restaurants, Australia Spanish food 2006.09.03 Thai food 2004.07.10 Turkish foods 2004.04.04 Austria 1700s (Baroque Vienna) 2005.01.11 1800s (Franz Josef I) 2008.06.19 Babylonia/Mesopotamia [6] 2004.03.24 Bahamas [3] 2004.04.26 Barbados [2] 2002.02.23 Belgium [5] 2004.10.05 Belgian foods in America--see: United Dtates Bohemia 925AD 12.21.06 Bolivia 2004.06.07 Botswana 2004.01.26 Brazil African influence (desserts in particular) 2008.01.19 Chicken stroganoff--see: chicken Churrascuarias--see: beef Fejoiada & caipirinha (national food & drink) [2] 2004.08.11 Bulgaria [3] 2002.05.17 Burundi 2004.04.05 Byzantine Empire 2003.11.01 Canada (general) [5] 2004.07.27 1900s-menus 2003.04.14 1900s--wealthy vs poor dinners 2007.05.02 Bread--pioneer types & methods 2008.04.30 British Columbia 2007.03.08 Butter tarts [4] 2003.12.03 Cariboo gold rush-Yukon-1865 1999.12.04 Confederation menus (1864) 2004.08.03 New France 2003.03.21 Northwest Territories, 1860s 2007.09.15 Nova Scotia (& Cape Breton) [2] 2007.01.10 Quebec [3] 2003.12.03 Cretons 2003.11.25 Saskatchewan [4] 2005.02.04 Traditional foods for class 2003.11.10 War cake 2003.11.15 Yukon 2006.03.29 Caribbean region--general [4] 2004.03.10 Roti (Indian influence)--see: breads-roti Celtic food--Iron Age [3] 2004.04.10 feasting foods 2003.06.10 Chad 2006.04.10 Chile [2] 2004.03.31 Independence Day foods [2] 2005.12.12 China (general) [6] 2004.04.04 Confucius' period (551BC-479BC)--feasts, foods & philosophy [4] 2004.05.13 cuisine & regional influence 2002.12.28 Desserts 2005.04.15 Medieval period 2004.02.04 Mooncakes --see: cakes, mooncakes Sweet and sour pork 2004.02.13 Tableware & dining implements 2007.02.18 Chinese/American foods--see: countries: United States Colombia [4] 2001.11.29 Cook Island foods (Polynesia) 2003.08.31 Costa Rica [2] 2004.01.27 Crete, ancient Minoans (2900BC-1400BC) [3] 2004.06.06 Croatia 2003.08.11 Cuba [5] 2003.10.23 Christmas foods--see: holiday foods Cuban bread--see: bread Czechoslovakia [see also: kolache] [3] 2004.09.28 Denmark [3] 2006.02.12 Iron Age/Beowulf 2004.09.23 Djibouti 2004.04.09 Dominican Republic [3] 2004.01.17 Dutch--see: Netherlands East African 2001.11.26 Ecuador [2] 2004.02.12 Egypt [8] 2004.02.22 beef (Ancient) 2002.03.18 bread (as payment) 2002.11.20 Cleopatra's food & Pharaoh's feasts [6] 2004.01.27 date cakes (ancient)--see: cake fig cakes (ancient)--see: cake ful mudammas (national dish) 2007.03.22 melokhia (see: Jew's Mallow) Europe, culinary history sources 2003.09.16 Fiji 2004.02.22 Finland [2] 2004.10.15 France (general) [14] FAQ 12th century 2004.09.19 16th century foods 2003.12.03 Louis XIV [2] FAQ 17th century 2003.03.2 18th century: Revolution foods FAQ 19th century France 2004.03.10 1889 Universal Exposition 2009.07.04 Burgundy region 2008.10.10 Dordogne (prehistoric) 2004.04.26 Mediterranean region 2003.11.02 Paris 2003.01.27 Chinese food 2007.06.08 Seige of Paris--see: Zoo animals as food Provence 2003.05.07 Versaille (kitchens) 2008.01.17 Georgia 2007.01.15 Germany (general) [8] FAQ 16th century 2004.05.11 17th century Christmas [Baroque] 2003.12.06 German-American 2003.10.01 Greece [6] 2002.01.06 Alexander the Great (330BC) 2003.07.18 ancient [6] 2004.04.14 classic era 500-300BC 2001.01.21 Crete/Minoans--see: Crete Impact on American cuisine 2003.09.24 Sparta (ancient) [2] 2005.04.10 Guatemala, present [3] 2003.07.18 Guyana 2003.10.15 Honduras (general) [2] 2003.12.09 Hungary 2006.11.07 19th century (Franz Josef I) 2008.06.19 see also: cookies-csorege Iceland 2006.05.11 India general [6] 2003.11.17 ancient [2] 2002.09.16 bread--see: breads Christmas foods--see: holidays, Christmas dahl (dal)--see: dal Himachal Pradesh (region) 2009.02.16 korma--see: korma Indonesia 2005.03.12 Iran (Persia) [4] 2008.09.26 Ireland FAQ Yellowman (yallaman)--see: candy-Irish Italy cuisine/order of service 2001.10.28 Ancient Roman [7] 2004.05.08 FAQ Christmas foods 2004.05.12 food-general & history [16] FAQ food-regional 2001.05.30 Impact on American food [2] 2003.09.24 14th century [2] 2003.09.15 National dish? 2008.10.08 1914-1918 soldier foods 2004.04.10 Pre-Columbian Exchange 2003.12.19 Renaissance food 2003.04.20 Renaissance-18th century 2003.10.22 Tuscan cuisine 2007.08.12 Jamaica [2] 2004.07.01 Japan 2003.09.14 1920s 2001.03.38 Beef consumption--see: beef, kobe Bread & cake 2006.01.08 Desserts [2] 2004.09.13 Hanami--see: holidays Jomon period (late) 2003.01.20 feudal era [2] 2002.08.05 Mexican foods (tacos, esp.) 2007.10.10 Surimi--see: crab USA-first restaurant see: restaurants Jordan 2005.01.12 Kenya, (including Maasai) [3] 2004.05.03 Current food prices (staple foods) 2006.05.13 Korea [1] 3.14.06 kimchee 2002.03.12 rice cakes 2004.09.29 Laos, Hmong 2004.03.20 Lebanon 2004.05.10 Christmas foods 2004.12.11 Libya [2] 2004.11.16 Lichtenstein 2006.02.12 Lithuania Wedding foods 2006.11.10 Madagascar [3] 2005.02.18 Mali (medieval) 2004.02.29 Malaysia (including Nonya) [2] 2006.01.31 see also: laksa, satay, nasi goering, nasi lemak Malta 17th century cuisine 2007.01.23 Martinique 2003.10.19 Mesopotamia/Babylonia--see: babylonia Mexico [3] FAQ 17th century 2007.07.11 Christmas foods--see: Holiday foods Meal times & typical meals (current) [2] 2006-05.25 Mexican Wedding cookies/cakes--see: cookies Wedding feast foods [2] 2004.01.11 Middle East [2] 2002.04.29 Micronesia (Yap) 2007.10.18 Monaco 2000.04.17 Mongolia [2] 2004.03.05 Morocco [2] 2004.04.10 see also: Trid, Bastilla Namibia 2004.05.28 Netherlands [3] 2005.01.24 17th century, Leiden [2] 2004.04.13 doughnuts 2003.01.03 stroopwafels--see: cookies New Zealand-1903 2003.09.08 Blue cheese--see: cheese Early European foods [2] 2005.03.21 Maori foods--see: Maori Muttonbird--see: muttonbird Nicaragua [3] 2004.09.16 Niger 2006.04.11 Nomad foods 2002.09.07 Norway [5] 2003.11.04 Aquavit 2004.05.11 18th century (Babette's Feast) 2003.09.04 20th century changes in diet 2003.10.23 Pakistan [2] 2004.02.05 Panama 2005.04.15 Paraguay 2004.02.07 Persia--see: Iran Peru [2] 2004.04.16 Philippines [3] 2004.03.14 (lumpia & adobo) [4] 2003.09.22 Phoencia--ancient & 200BC 2003.09.11 Poland (general) [3] 2003.12.14 18th & 19th century foods [2] 2002.08.13 Polodia Jewish cuisine 2002.08.13 Polynesian food 2003.02.11 Portugal [2] 2005.05.25 16th century cakes 2003.05.15 Puerto Rico [4] 2004.02.03 Romania (also: Moldo-Wallachia, Moldova, Wallachia) [2] 2006.11.07 maenna 2003.01.26 Romany (Gypsy) food [2] 2001.02.03 Russia [2] 2004.03.29 Russia ancient cuisines 2004.05.12 Desserts 2008.03.12 English influence on cuisine 2005.05.06 Russian tea cakes--see: cookies St. Lucia 2005.04.20 St, Vincent 2006.10.17 Salvador (aka El Salvador) [2] 2003.07.21 Samoa--see: United States-American Samoa Scandinavian & Scottish cuisine 2003.08.08 Scotland [4]2004.04.28 Renaissance era [2] 2003.10.10 Scottish shortbread--see: cookies Scottish & Scandinavian cuisine 2003.08.08 Singapore Hainanese chicken rice--see: chicken Somalia 2003.10.07 Songay (African peoples) 2004.04.14 South Africa [7] 2004.01.19 Christmas--see: holiday foods Huguenot culinary influence 2004.09.30 Spain [3] FAQ 15th century, Queen Isabella [2] 2003.07.16 16th century-present 2003.08.01 19th century 2005.12.20 beer 2003.06.17 Ronda 2003.10.25 Valencia 2007.04.03 wine 2003.06.13 Sparta-see: Greece Suriname 2003.10.22 Sweden [3] 2004.05.13 See also: bread-Sweden (includes pastry & cakes) Switzerland 2004.05.16 Christmas food--see: Holiday food-Christmas Taiwan 2006.02.20 Tanzania (Kilwa) [2] 2004.04.04 Thailand [3] 2005.09.21 Tibet (including butter sculture) 2004.05.16 Togo 2005.01.03 Trinidad & Tobago 2006.10.17 Tunisia 2004.11.16 Turkey (general) [6] 2004.10.25 Ottoman Empire 2004.10.28 Uganda see: Luwombo United Kingdom (general) [11] FAQ 1655 (poor people) 2004.07.16 Hosptial foods (post WWII) 2008.05.05 London-restaurants-foreign 2003.11.17 modern 2001.07.01 Norman foods FAQ Roman Britian 2004.07.26 United States Regional/ethnic cuisine--"melting pot" [3] 2003.11.21 Regional foods (general) [3] 2008.11.19 African American foods [3] 2005.03.04 Slave ship subsistence 2006.10.11 Asian cuisine (popular, contemporary) 2008.09.06 Belgian foods 2006.02.14 Cajun & Creole--see: Louisiana French cuisine introduction 2004.05.21 German-American foods [2] 2003.11.21 Greek-American foods 2004.01.06 Ellis Island foods [3] 2006.01.16 Russian foods 2009.10.25 Ethnic foodways in America 2001.04.30 1975-2003 1003.11.17 Mid-Atlantic (NY,NJ,PA) [2] 2005.09.28 Midwest 2005.07.20 Mountain [2] 2001.12.07 New England 2003.08.14 Pacific Northwest [5] 2004.10.03 Route 66 foodways 2008.09.08 Southern [2] 2005.01.17 Southern--frying traditions 2004.06.28 Southern fusion cuisine 2008.04.19 Southwest (New Southwest cuisine) [5] 2005.06.21 Spanish in America 2003.12.08 Tex-Mex [15] FAQ Thai cuisine 2006.10.13 ---------------------------- American foods: colonial subististence to contemporary convenience (issues, trends, etc.) 2008.01.31 American foods: most popular (current) 2006.12.18 American foods: traditional & modern (lists) 2003.09.12 American foods "strictly American" 2004.09.13 & 12.9.04 State foods-popular recipes FAQ State foods- Alabama [2] 2005.12.07 1918 2004.09.19 Alaska [5] 2004.03.02 Canned foods, 1924 2005.07.14 American Samoa 2007.05.15 Arizona [8] 2005.03.23 Chile burros (recipe)--see: burritos Christmas 1880s (menus & recipes) 2007.12.08 Pueblo food (Anasazi) 2003.10.03 Arkansas [8] 2004.03.24 California [5] 2005.01.15 Apple Day Celebration [Julian CA] 2009.07.03 California cuisine [3] 2004.02.20 1849--gold rush foods and grand hotel fare (menus) [3] 2004.03.22 mission food (1800) [5] 2004.01.28 1930s (Grapes of Wrath) 2005.09.14 Napa Valley wine 2003.06.12 San Francisco 2007.07.12 State pie 2004.09.06 Colorado [20] 2004.02.26 Connecticut [5] 2003.05.07 Colonial [2] 2004.01.13 Delaware (Includes Colonial & early American periods) [7] 2005.04.13 New Castle [2] 2004.03.12 Florida [4] 2005.12.05 St. Augustine founding [3] 2003.09.07 1903 2003.07.31 Georgia [3] 2004.06.06 Colonial 2003.11.16 Hawaii [9] 2004.05.23 Christmas foods 2004.12.15 Crack seed (snack)--see separate entry Luau 2006.02.13 Musubi--see:rice Idaho [2] 2003.11.22 Illinois [2] 2004.11.19 Chicago stock yard/meat industry 2006.03.16 Chicago, 1920s 2003.08.29 Columbian Exposition, 1893 FAQ restaurants/fair fare Indiana [4] 2004.10.01 1898 upper class menus 2003.08.24 Kansas [3] 2005.12.06 Kentucky [3] 2003.12.23 Scholarly sources 2004.05.24 Louisiana 2005.12.07 Cajun & Creole cuisine (definition/description/history) 2005.05.24 New Iberia 2009.07.28 Maine 2005.08.08 Potatoes 2003.09.22 Maryland [2] 2006.03.19 19th century popular foods 2005.09.30 Maryland stuffed ham--see: ham Massachusetts Boston 2002.02.18 Boston-bacon 2002.07.18 Plimoth-cookbook 2004.01.26 Salem-1600s [2] 2002.11.24 Michigan [3] 2003.11.10 Early peoples: Native Americans, French & English Detroit, Motown era [1940-1960] 2004.02.29 Minnesota 2005.12.04 Mississippi [5] 2004.04.13 Missouri 2006.03.29 St. Louis, 18th century 2005.07.07 St. Louis, 19th century (Huckeberry Finn)--see: famous people: Twain St. Louis, 1904 fair food [2] 2004.03.14 1856 party menus 2004.09.13 Montana [8] 2004.04.05 Nebraska [3] 2003.12.03 Nevada [13] 2004.05.12 pre 1845 2003.07.02 1879 party menus 2004.09.14 Las Vegas restaurants 2004.11.19 New Hampshire [7] 2005.03.05 1901 2004.05.11 New Jersey--see: state food page; NJ New Mexico [2] 2002.05.11 1865 2002.06.25 1939, "ordinary" restaurant menus/foods 2009.01.16 New York [5] 2004.05.18 Colonial New York [5] 2003.10.15 1819, "Upstate" 2005.08.27 1840s, Rochester NY (Erie Canal celebration menus) 2008.09.27 1904, Rochester [2] 2004.05.10 Harlem Renaissance--see: 1920s-1930s Lake Ronkonkoma2002.07.18 NYC cheesecake 2002.10.25 NYC deli menus 1914 2002.11.15 NYC deli potato salad 2002.09.09 North Carolina [5] 2003.03.20 North Dakota [2] 2002.01.23 Germans from Russia 2005.02.22 Ohio see also: clambake [5] 2004.04.19 1830-1840 2006.04.12 Oklahoma [6] 2005.12.24 Oregon [5] 2002.03.30 18th century fare 2008.05.27 Pennsylvania [2] 2004.12.15 Philadelphia 2003.02.03 Philadelphia--July 4, 1776 2003.06.22 Philadelphia Gooey butter cake--see: cakes Centennial Exhibition, 1876 2004.04.20 Pittsburgh 2005.01.23 Pittsburgh (soup & cookies)2003.06.13 Pittsburgh-style (meat) 2003.09.12 1890s, finger food or cakes 2006.05.08 1895, Scranton 3002.03.31 Rhode Island [3] 2004.03.04 Newport 1920s-1930s 2005.02.23 South Carolina [3] 2004.03.24 colonial [4] 2003.11.17 Cookie (benne) 2004.03.11 Huguenot [2] 2005.03.21 Low Country 2001.07.20 Tennessee [9] 2004.02.18 Nashville 2002.03.03 Texas (general) [4] 2003.12.11 African americans 2005.02.24 Christmas fare-English-1840 2005.12.09 cowboy venison stew 2000.11.24 Dallas (foods invented in this city) 2007.03.19 English [2] 2005.02.10 French [3] 2004.02.05 Germans 2003.11.21 grits 2007.07.09 Hays County, 19th century 2009.03.13 Kolache (Czech)--see: kolache Peach pie--see: pie San Antonio 2000.12.20 Utah [5] 2004.02.29 Green Jell-O 2005.05.18 Scones (Mormon) 2004.08.01 Vermont 2005.08.05 Virginia [3] 2004.03.20 Colonial Williamsburg tea customs--see: tea Washington [3] 2004.10.03 1920s Seattle speakeasies 2004.02.01 West Virginia [6] 2002.07.28 Wisconsin 19th-20th century lumber camps (Shanty boys) 2006.12.19 Christmas foods 2007.12.10 Milwaukee [2] 2002.06.20 Waubeka, 1885 (Flag Day) 2004.06.26 Wyoming [11] 2004.02.24 Uruguay--see: sandwiches-chivito Venezuela [2] 2004.05.22 pastelitos 2003.07.25 Vietnam 2006.03.25 coconut flan 2002.05.30 rice paper rolls 2008.07.12 Yemen 2006.01.11 Yugoslavia 2004.03.09 Serbian cuisine 2006.10.30 Vojvodina 2006.10.31 Zambia 2003.10.01 Country captain chicken--see: chicken Country fried steak (chicken fried steak) [14] FAQ Coupe du Monde de al Boulanterie (Baking Olympics) 2006.01.08 Courses (of serving) [10] 2003.08.16 Court bouillon--see: soups Couscous [10] 2003.11.02 Cowboy cooking 2002.08.25 Cowboy gravy see: gravy Cowboys & beans--see: Chuckwagons & beans Cowpeas (black-eyed peas) [4] 2002.12.31 Crab [3] 2004.06.03 Blue crab prices (20th century) 2006.05.19 Crab au gratin 2005.02.18 Crab cakes 2005.06.09 Crab Imperial [2] 2004.12.09 Crab meat (snow crabs) 2002.11.13 Crab rangoons [2] 2003.08.05 Deviled 2007.03.01 Dungeness 2005.12.20 She crab soup--see: soups Surimi (imitation crab) [2] 2007.02.07 Crack seed (Hawaiian snack) 2005.02.14 Cracker Jacks [2] 2005.02.13 Crackers [7] FAQ Beer chasers 2004.03.30 Cheez Doodles (Old London/Wise) 2008.08.23 Cheez-its 2009.09.24 Christmas (novelty, not food!) 2007.12.16 Combat alcohol? Sylvester Graham 2002.11.20 Cracker pie--see: pie Crackers with salad (accompaniment) 2006.01.26 Cream crackers 2007.11.28 Crisped crackers (pre-made crackers dipped in water or brushed with butter) 2006.11.04 Crown Pilot--see: Pilot Educator crackers [3] 2004.01.15 Excell (Nabisco) 2005.11.11 Graham, chocolate-coated [2] 2003.11.06 Milk crackers (where to buy?) 2006.11.20 Old London Waffle Snacks (aka cheese waffies) [7] 2003.06.30 Origin of the word 2002.11.22 Oyster crackers [10] 2003.12.15 oyster & saltine 2003.03.24 packaging--see: food packaging party favors 2001.12.08 Pepperidge Farm Goldfish [2] 2003.03.12 Parrot Brand [American Biscuit Company] 2008.12.18 Pilot (also Crown Pilot, Sailor Boy Pilot) 2009.09.24 Ritz (Nabisco) [3] 2004.05.14 Saltines (chocolate covered)--see: chocolate Snappies [4] 2005.09.04 Soda crackers, average size, (USA) 2009.10.22 (see also: food packaging, crackers) Survival (1950s) 2005.04.14 Table water crackers [4] 2005.04.08 Tid-Bit (Nabisco) [3] 2004.06.08 Twiglets 2007.01.03 Vermont common crackers 2004.06.20 Worcester (Westminster) 2002.02.24 why the holes? [2] 2001.11.26 13 holes? 2003.01.08 Cracknell-see: cookies Craisins 2002.01.27 Cranberries 2006.10.08 Cranberries & turkey (combination) see: turkey Cranberry pudding--see: pudding Crazy Bread--see: bread Cream 2004.02.29 Cream biscuits--see: crackers-cream crackers Cream can dinner 2003.07.21 Cream candy--see: candy Cream cheese--see cheese Cream, clotted 2005.03.14 Cream crackers--see: crackers Cream fritters--see: fritters Cream of chantilly 2004.11.15 Cream of mushroom soup--see: soups Cream of tartar [3] 2004.03.11 Cream puffs & eclairs (aka profiteroles) [30] FAQ Cream reductions (becamel) 2002.10.14 Cream soda--see: soda Creamed chipped beef see: shit on a shingle Creamed corn--see: corn Creme Anglaise [4] 2004.01.19 Creme Brulee [4] FAQ (puddings-French cremes) Creme Caramel FAQ (puddings-French cremes) Creme Fraiche [2] 2003.08.25 Cremini mushrooms--see: mushrooms Creole cooking, Louisiana--see: Countries Crepes--see: pancakes Cretons (pork pate/Quebec) 2003.11.25 Crispellis (Boston/Lawrence MA) cheese/anchovy filled pastries (recipe not found) Croatia 2003.08.11 Crockett, Davy--see: famous people Croissant--see: bread Croquant 2004.05.23 Croque Monsier--see: sandwiches Croquembouche--see: cakes Croquettes (See also: fish balls) [4] 2005.02.26 Croquettes, Cuban American 2004.09.17 Crossing the bridge noodles--see: noodles Croute, en 2007.01.30 (related to croutons, crustade) Croutons--see: bread Crown Pilot--see: crackers Crudites [3] 2004.11.10 Crumble--see:pie Crumpets--see: breads Crustade--see: Croute, en Csorege--see: cookies Cuba--see: countries Cuban sandwiches--see: sandwiches Cube steak--see: steaks Cucumber salad--see:salad Cucumber sandwiches--see: sandwiches Cucumbers 2003.04.29 Cucumbers & pickles in Ancient Egypt 2002.07.31 Cueritos--see: pork-rinds & skins Culinarian/chef-Dept. Of Labor reclassification [1976] 2003.10.27 Culinary arts (how defined, started) 2004.10.13 Culinary bases--see: sauces-bases Culinary calendar 2002.08.24 Culinary careers 2005.05 Culinary schools--see:schools Cumin 2007.01.22 Black Cumin (aka Nigella Sativa) 2009.02.02 Cupcakes--see: cake Curcurbits(cucumbers, melons, etc.) 2002.10.29 Canteloupe & Musk melons [2] 2006.02.05 Cure (word origin as it applies to meat) 2005.11.09 Currants Red Currants 2006.04.22 Curry [4] FAQ Curry powder 2003.11.04 Cussy, Marquis de [France, 19th century] 2008.07.12 Custard [5] FAQ & cream 2003.06.07 Custard powder [3] 2005.03.06 Cutlet [2] 2007.01.23 Cuts of beef--names? 2000.06.06 Czarnina (Duck blood soup) see: soups Dacquoise--see: cakes 2003.07.11 Dagwood sandwich ingredients [original] 2002.01.04 Dahl (dal) 2007.02.15 Dairy foods 2003.09.16 Dandelions 2001.11.19 Danish [5] FAQ Bear claw & bear sign [2] 2003.12.04 cheese 2003.04.28 Danish Go-Rounds (Kelloggs) 2009.10.31 (scan of product 11/09) Danish gold (ingredient) [2] 2005.11.18 Danka Toaster Danish (General Foods) 10.31.09 Dark syrup--see: sugar Date pudding & date cake 2002.11.20 Dates [3] 2002.12.09 Dromedary brand [package sizes] 2009.07.07 English introduction 2005.08.31 Dating of food--see:food dating Daube 2007.10.22 David Harum--see: ice cream Day of the Dead foods (Mexico) [2] 2004.11.02 De Jonghe--see: shrimp Deacon skins (not food) 2009.06.27 Death of a Salesman--see: cheese, cheese in a jar & saccarine tablets Decade dishes [2] 2002.05.08 Deep frying--see: frying Deer--see: venison Dehydrated/Dried foods--nutritional properties [2] 2008.09.17 Dejeuner--see: meals Delicatessen--see: restaurants Delivery food--see: take out food Delminico potatoes--see: potatoes Delmonico steak--see: steaks Delmonico's restaurant menus--see: restaurants Denver sandwich--see: sandwiches Denver omelette--see: eggs Denver ribs (breast of lamb) 2003.12.15 Denver steak--see: steak Derby pie--see: pie Desiccated vegetables 2002.04.24 Designer foods 2003.12.03 Desserts [2] FAQ 1400BC 2002.08.20 American--colonial 2003.02.21 Dessert pyramids Added Colonial Williamsburg link to colonial FAQ American--19th century 2003.06.23 American--1920s 2003.03.06 Chinese 2006.04.15 "plated" & current dessert trends [2] 2003.03.17 popular American (current) 2007.03.03 with alcohol (wine, hard cider...) 2001.02.01 Devil dogs (Drakes) 2002.02.16 Deviled crabs--see: crabs Deviled eggs---see: eggs Devils food --see: cake Devils on Horseback--see: Angels on Horseback Diabetic diets through history 2004.05.29 Dier bread--see: bread Diet bread--see: bread Diet foods--see: breakfast drinks Diet soda--see: soda pop Dieting 2004.10.04 Dill weed [2] 2003.04.02 Dim sum 2002.08.20 Dinner bells--see: bells Dinner, Sunday 2009.05.20 Dinner times 2001.06.12 Diplomat pudding--see:pudding Dips [8] 2004.08.13 Bean [3] 2003.11.23 California 2006.05.22 Deviled ham (1940s-50s) 2005.03.20 Seven layer (aka seven layer taco dip, Tex-Mex dip) [6] 2004.04.13 Spinach 2004.07.26 Dirt cake --see cake Dirty fries--see: potatoes-gravy fries Disodium guanylate (ingredient) 2001.09.14 Divinity candy (fudge)--see candy Dixie cups--see: ice cream Dobos torte--see: cake Dock--see: pie, dock Dodger Dogs--see: hot dogs Dodgers (corn)--see: corn Doed koecks--see: cake Dog food [2] 2003.07.25 Doggie bags [2] 2002.10.23 Dogs Aztec cuisine 2007.11.05 Native American subsistence (Puppy Soup) 2009.02.19 Dolly mixtures--see candy Dolma--see: stuffed leaves Doner kebab FAQ (gyros) Donkers (from April Morning/Howard Fast) [2] 2005.03.22 Doritos 2004.06.05 Dosa (India) 2005.05.14 Double acting baking powder 2000.02.20 Dough, refrigerator (biscuits packaged in cardboard tubes) 2007.03.12 Doughnuts [29] FAQ Beignet [6] 2003.11.06 Bunelos de Navidad [4] 2004.10.24 cake-type recipe/Larkin 1916 2003.06.19 Calas (New Orleans) 2007.03.08 Chruschiki (Polish) 2007.11.09 Fastnacht & bismark [3] 2003.110.06 Long johns 2006.08.01 Paczki (Poland) 2007.11.27 Persians 2005.03.29 Self-turning see:. Little House Cookbook (p. 88-89) Wonders (aka crullers) 2006.09.07) Doughnuts v. pastry(defninitions & differeneces) 2009.05.14 Dover sole--see:fish Dowdy--see: pie "Down" (diner speak=toast or toasted) 2008.04.27 Downing pudding (aka Downing college pudding)--see: puddings-colleg Drake Bakeries: start & brand names 2003.02.18 Dr. Johnson's Educator Crackers--see: Educator crackers Dr. Price's Cream Baking Powder 2002.09.21 Drawn butter 2002.06.08 Dressed eggs--see: eggs Dressing (stuffing) [4] 2003.11.27 Dried fruit--see: leather, fruit Drink mix-Funny Face brand 2003.07.23 Drippings and suet--see: suet Drive-in restaurants/drive-thru service 2002.11.08 & 3.30.05 Dromedary brand date nut bread--see: breads Drumsticks--see: ice cream Duchess potatoes--see: potatoes Duck FAQ Duck A l'orange FAQ Duck blood soup (also Goose blood soup) see: soups Mock (Britain, WWII-1960s) 2004.12.28 Moulard/mulard 2004.09.17 Peking [9] FAQ Pancakes 2004.03.10 Duff--see: pudding Dugan Brothers (NYC bakery) see: restaurants Dulce de leche--see: candy, cajeta Dumplings [5] FAQ Halusky 2005.09.21 Mantou (Mandu) 2008.01.27 Skillet dumplings (boiled/cooked in fruit sauce aka applesauce dumplings) 2006.10.08 Slickers (aka slicks, slick'ems) 2009.01.14 Skimmer cake 2009.08.08 Dungeness crab--see: crab Duryea Starch Works 2007.09.26 Dutch apple pie--see: pie Dutch babies--see: pancakes Dutch letter (12th Night) 2006.08.27 Dutch ovens [3] 2005.04.21 Dutch Pantry (brand name salad dressings, bakery products etc.) 2009.09.06 Duxelles 2006.01.09 Dye, food--see: food coloring Early bird special 2009.10.28 Earth ovens--see: ovens Easter--see: holidays Easter eggs--see: eggs Easy Cheese--see: cheese: Cheez Whiz Eating utensils 2001.12.04 Ebinger's --see: restaurants Eclairs--see: cream puffs Edam--see: cheese Edamame (green soy beans) 2008.04.12 Edison, Thomas 2003.09.17 Educator crackers--see: crackers Egg cream [2] 2004.07.26 Egg cream Italian ice 2000.09.04 Egg foo yung 2003.11.07 Egg McMuffins 2005.05.09 Egg rolls [ASIAN] [7] FAQ Egg tarts--see: pies Eggo Foods history 2000.10.29 Eggplant (aka aubergine) [5] 2004.08.05 Eggplant parmesan [2] 2005.02.28 Garden eggs (entula, entura) 2005.08.11 Mush 2003.09.23 Eggs [12] FAQ Albumin (egg whites) & muscle building (protein) 2007.05.11 Baking/cooking with 2004.02.27 Benedict [2] FAQ Breakfast (why eat?) [4] 2003.01.23 Burnt (why don't you eat?) 2002.07.14 Buttering (scrambled) [2] 2004.11.27 carton dates & safety 2007.09.14 Clarification with egg whites and egg shells [3] 2004.11.11 Coddled eggs 2004.05.03 Colonial preservation techniques [2] 2001.08.10 Dairy or meat? [2] 2007.07.15 Denver sandwich (western sandwich)--see: sandwiches Deviled [123] FAQ Deviled eggs as soul food 2003.01.05 Deviled egg plates 2009.04.14 Dressed eggs (aka deviled eggs) 2008.05.02 Dried eggs (recipes) 2003.06.12 Easter eggs (chocolate)--see: candy Egg-- linguistin origins 2009.07.2009 Egg salad [2] 2004.03.23 Egg salad--why celery? 2003.07.21 Floating eggs (dating purposes) 2008.02.25 Fried 2004.05.30 Huevos rancheros [4] 2003.12.07 Hundred year (aka thousand year) 2003.06.29 Medieval/Renaissance era uses 2003.10.04 Migas [2] 2005.02.25 Omega 3 content 2009.08.13 (see also link for Omega Eggs, 2001) Omelettes FAQ Spanish omelets 2005.09.13 Ova farcta (stuffed eggs) 2003.05.12 Packaging (always sold by the dozen?) [3] 2007.05.12 Pasta--see: pasta Pickled eggs [4] 2003.10.01 Poached [2] 2006.11.26 Rationed during WWII? 2006.06.05 Rising agents (Elizabethan discovery)--see: snow Scotch [3] 2003.01.22 Scrambled eggs [2] 2004.11.27 scrambled egg mountain (aka scrambled egg cones), NYC--see: Maisel, Arthur Separating (when, why?) 2008.12.28 shell color (brown vs white) 2009.05.09 Size (ancient Rome) [2] 2008.03.19 Snow eggs--see: snow Steak and eggs--see: steak Symbolism--see: Egg FAQ Waterglassing 2004.03.14 Western omelet vs. Eastern omelet--differences? 2006.12.17 White house egg roll [hunt] tradition see: holidays-Easter Eighty-six [5] 2004.04.05 Eid--see: religion & food, Muslim El Pulpo (United Fruit Company) 2008.05.23 Elder (udder) 2006.04.09 Elephant ears (goash feel) 2006.11.03 see also: Cookies-Palmiers Elk [recipe sources] 2005.04.21 Ellis Island foods/recipes 2003.11.29 Emmenthaler cheese--see: cheese Emmer grain 2004.01.12 Empanadas [4] FAQ Empire biscuits--see: cookies Empress chicken--see: chicken-General Tso's Emu 2001.04.14 Emulsified sauces--see: Sauces Enchiladas [10] FAQ Apple enchiladas 2005.11.17 Endive--see: chicory English English (apple crisp-type dessert, Iowa, 1930s) not found, sent 1939 IA recipe for AC 2007.11.16 English muffins--see: muffins English trifle [24] FAQ With jelly/jello (Canada) 2004.01.26 Entrepreneurs--food innovators 2002.05.21 Entula (Entura)--see: eggplant Erie canal-see: countries: USA-New York Epazote [2] 2005.07.11 Escargot [4] 2003.05.27 Escarole--see: chicory Escoffier--see: chefes Eskimo see: Inuit Espagnole sauce 2003.09.21 Espresso [3] 2003.06.13 Etiquette Bread & Rolls--buttering, tearing [2] 2004.02.07 Colonial American children (dining manners) 2005.11.22 Knives (cutting small pieces a few a time) [2] 2004.02.07 serving pre-dinner sherry 2000.10.19 Table manners [2] 2004.04.05 Euclid Candy Company [2] 2005.10.27 Europe, culinary history sources 2003.09.16 Eve's Pudding--see: puddings Evian water--see: water Exotic foods [2] 2004.03.02 Extracts--see: flavoring FDA see: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Fair food (includes notes: 1876, 1893, 1904)--see also: Countries, France, 1889 [2] 2006.05.17 Fairy bread--see: bread Fairy food--see: candy Fajita [2] 2003.11.09 Family style service--see: service Famous people (general sources for favorite foods) 2008.05.31 Alexander the Great 2003.07.18 Anne of Austria (Anna of Austria)--chocolate 2004.02.18 Armstrong, Neil (Apollo 11) 2006.01.24 Arnold, Benedict 2006.06.23 Arthur, King [2] 2003.10.30 Artist's foods [2] 2003.09.20 Audubon, John James 2009.08.12 Bach, JS (17th century Germany) [4] 2006.01.28 Bacon, Francis (die while experimenting with effects of cold on the decay of meat (1626) Beethoven [3] 2003.12.31 Bernhardt, Sarah 2005.09.09 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich 2005.08.17 Boone, Daniel 2003.09.08 Borgia, Lucrecia (wedding cake) see: cakes, wedding Bowie, James 2003.11.27 Brown, Margaret (aka Unsinkable Molly Brown) 2009.05.11 Cleopatra [2] 2003.07.17 Cody, William (Buffalo Bill) 2004.02.10 Confucius 2003.05.27 Crockett, Davy 2009.05.06 Dandridge, Dorothy 2006.05.10 Davis, Varina Howell (Jefferson Davis' wife): Recipe Book of Varina Howell Davis, available from Beauvoir.org Dickinson, Emily 2006.11.18 Douglas, Steven A. 2008.02.27 Edison, Thomas [2] 2003.09.17 Frank, Anne 2008.11.04 Franklin, Aretha 2006.02.28 Franklin, Ben [6] 2001.03.28 In Paris 2004.01.11 Gandhi, Mahamta 2005.06.15 George I (England) 2006.11.27 Goya see: 19th century Spain Hamilton, Alexander 2009.04.04 Hari, Mata 2009.08.19 Houdini, Harry 2008.01.14 Isabella (Queen) (15th century Spain) [3] 2003.07.16 Jackson, Augustus (19th century Philadelphia confectioner) 2009.05.17 Jesus [6] 2004.03.02 Johnson, Samuel 2006.10.21 Keller, Helen 2004.01.11 Leonardo da Vinci (vegetarianism) 2006.03.22 Lincoln, Abraham--see: presidents Louis XIV FAQ Louis VX FAQ Louis XVI FAQ (French Revolution) Lowe, Juliette Gordon (GSA founder) [3] 2005.10.16 MacArthur, Douglas (General) 2009.07.17 Marie Antoinette 2004.06.20 --send: French Rev & Brioche FAQs Medici, Catherine 2003.09.26 Mozart (17th century Vienna) [7] 2005.01.11 Newton, Sir Isaac [2] 2000.12.17 Napoleon [7] 2003.11.21 Nightingale, Florence 2005.09.20 Pasteur, Louis 2004.02.22 Pepys, Samuel (oysters) 2006.10.24 Polo, Marco 2004.02.23 Presidents--see: presidents Presley, Elvis--see: FAQ foodsandwiches, peanut butter & banana Owens, Jesse [3] 2002.08.29 Rembrandt 2003.08.25 Rockefeller, John D. Sr 2004.05.16 Roosevelt, Eleanor [2] 2006.01.10 Roosevelt (TR & FDR) Christmas menus 2003.05.29 Shakespeare, William--see: 16th century Smith, Joseph (Palmyra NY, early 19th century) [2] 2005.04.28 Smith, Tom (London confectioner invented the Chistmas cracker) 2006.01.20 Stowe, Harriet Beecher 2004.05.12 Swift, Jonathan 2003.08.03 Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri 2003.11.12 Truman, Bess 2003.11.10 Tubman, Harriet 2005.05.24 Twain, Mark American Heritage Cookbook, p. 61-67 (extensive notes) Huck Finn's foods 2009.05.23 Van Gogh, Vincent 2006.01.15 Victoria (Queen) [2] 2003.08.20 Villa, Pancho 2006.01.09 Wagner, Richard 2005.08.22 Washington, George--see: presidents Whitney, Eli 2006.05.17 Wright Brothers 2003.11.14 Farm to table (gate to plate)--how foods get to our table: apples, fish & beef: 2003.09.12 Farmers markets--see: Local foods movement Fast food restaurants [4] FAQ Ancient Rome, French Revolution 2005.07.10 Timeline sources (for Fast Food American Timeline) 2006.11.26 With internet service (first) 2004.08.18 Fastnacht--see: doughtnuts Feast of the Seven Fishes (Italy, Christmas Eve) 2004.12.28 Federal fudge--see: candy Feijoada 2004.08.11 Felafel [2] 2004.05.19 Fennel [3] 2007.02.02 Fenway Franks--see: hot dogs Fermentation 2005.03.21 Feta cheese--see: cheese Fertility foods--see: aphrodesiac foods Fettuccini Alfredo [9] FAQ Fiber consumption 2001.11.15 Fiber--part of fruit/vegetables containing most? [2] 2004.02.29 Fideo--see: pasta Fifty-Fifty ice cream bars (aka 50 50 bars)--see: ice cream Fig cakes-Ancient Egypt--see: cakes Fig Newtons--see: cookies Figs [2] 2006.02.18 Filet (& fillet)--see: fish Filet mignon--see: steak Film-footage of food 2002.02.25 Filo/phyllo dough [4] FAQ Finger steaks--see: steaks Fire making (Native Amerians/early pioneers) 2009.05.17 Fish Bass 2005.02.06 Beardsley Shredded Codfish [3] 2006.09.22 catfish 2006.09.19 Dover sole [3] 2004.02.21 Filet (definitions) 2008.03.09 Fish & chips 2004.07.21 Fish & lemon 2006.01.12 Fish & red wine 2003.08.07 Fish balls 2006.07.14 Fish: smoked or pickled...symbolism 2002.12.20 Fish sticks (frozen) 2004.07.18 Gefilte fish 2008.05.23 Lutefisk [3] 2003.08.28 Sardines 2007.02.18 Shark steaks 2004.11.12 Taboos--see: religion & food, taboos Tuna steaks 2004.11.12 Fish sauce--see: sauces Fisher, Marian Cole (aka Mrs. W.A. Wittbecker, cookbook author & lecturer) 2007.09.04 (newspaper articles in basket) Fishhouse punch--see: punch Fizz candies--see: candy Fizzies 2007.02.17 Flako [7] 2001.08.19 Flame seedless grapes--see: grapes Flambe [6] 2003.11.10 Flan FAQ coconut (Vietnamese) 2002.05.30 Moorish influence 2002.10.30 Flapjacks (American pancakes)--see: pancake FAQ Flapjacks (British biscuits)--see: cookies-flapjacks Flapper pie--see: pie Flat iron steak--see: steaks Flautas 2005.01.23 Flavoring Extracts (fruit, nut) 2008.12.16 Floating Island 2009.04.28 Florentine (with spinach) [3] 2006.04.03 Florentines (meat pie & nut cookies) [2] 2005.10.14 Florio & the "Egg Rule" (NJ) 2001.01.23 Flour all-purpose [3] 2004.10.03 bleached flour [2] 2004.01.13 natural oxidation 2004.09.28 cake flour 2008.01.21 semolina (aka dura wheat, durham) 2008.01.24 storage (historic) 2009.06.02 strong flour (aka bread flour) 2008.04.02 white flour vs. brown [5] 2004.05.13 white flour vs whole wheat 2003.03.06 whole grain cake flour 2006.12.15 Flour mills 2003.09.09 Flowerpot bread--see: breads-clay cookery Flowers, edible [2] 2004.10.25 see also: rosewater, rose petals Violets 2009.04.28 Flummery--see: pudding Focaccia--see: bread 2003.05.29 Foie gras [4] 2003.08.25 Overcooked--what happens? 2008.03.30 Folklore & cuisine 2003.09.09 Fondant--see: candy Fondant potatoes--see: potatoes Fondex (confectioners' ingredient_ 2009.01.07 Fondue-cheese & chocolate [7] FAQ Fondue pots 2005.06.22 Food advertising--see: Advertising of food Food & art--see: Art & food Food & Drug Administration--see: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food & income--see:Income and food Food & literature--see: Literature & food Food & movies--see: Movies & food Food & religion--see: religion & food Food as currency (money) 2007.03.05 Food books (novels)--NoveList 2003.10.21 Food carts (outdoor mobile vending) 2003.07.23 Food coloring (food dye) [13] 2004.03.04 Food consumption (most consumed foods, global, current) 2006.08.17 Food courts 2003.04.03 Food dating (sell by, use by, best before) [2] 2006.03.12 Food definition (dictionary), etymology & purpose [3] 2004.02.11 Food distribution (prehistory to present, research sources) 2006.08.17 Food fads (general) 2004.09.22 Food fads by year 2001.02.22 Food fads 1905-1930 2003.01.13 Food festivals 2003.10.01 Food gifts (how/why started?) 2004.05.01 Food of the future [2] 2003.09.15 Food groups/pyramid--basic four 2002.10.30 Food history books (general) 2003.07.24 Food history careers & education career opps [10] 2004.11.30 graduate programs-food history [7] 2003.01.23 undergraduate programs-food history 2002.01.13 Food-how many different kinds 2004.10.31 Food labeling (nutritient facts) 2005.01.08 Food magazines [2] 2007.08.24 Food mills--see: grinders, food Food-NOT from animal or plant 2004.02.05 Food origins (geography) [2] 2003.05.07 Food packaging 2004.05.26 Chinese take out [3] 2004.11.23 Condiment packets (plastic) 2007.01.17 Crackers & cookies: paperboard, in-er-seal, stack pack, cellophane 2008.06.03 Paper cups (drinking) 2008.02.14 Pizza boxes 2004.11.23 Food portions (upsized, super sized) [2] 2007.11.28 Food pictures see: pictures of food Food preferences (most liked) 2003.11.18 Food preparation--history 2002.05.22 1900 2003.10.20 Food preservation--see:Preservation of food Food preservatives--see: Preservatives in food Food prices [27] FAQ Prices--Prices--1930s 2002.05.18 Prices--1950s 2002.04.19 Prices--1950s, Good Humor bars 2006.04.29 Prices-ice cream cones-1957 2003.08.19 apples, 1930s 2007.01.09 beef steak at fancy restaurants, 1910s 2006.12.30 beer, 1950s 2008.06.13 bread bread, eggs, sugar, butter 1950s, 60s, 70s & 80s 2003.09.19 colonial America 2007.02.08 mid-19th century America [2] 2007.06.01 Wonder Bread, 1930s 2008.08.21 breakfast, 1918 2008.04.16 breakfast cereal, Kelloggs' Corn Flakes FAQ broccoli, 1977 & 1997 2002.10.17 candy 1909 USA 2008.10.17 ("Nation's Annual Candy Bill," NYTimes, Jan 2, 1910 p. SM8) Baby Ruth candy bar, 1930s 2006.01.02 chocolate candy bars [Hershey bars] US [4 ] FAQ chocolates & penny candy, late 1800s 2003.09.23 Life savers candy, 1912 2006.01.31 Milk Duds, 1930s [3] 2006.02.07 chewing gum, 1988 2003.03.02 chicken 1930s, chicago (John Tyson) 2007.10.25 1949 2003.10.06 Coca cola 2003.10.11 cookies Girl Scout, 1960s & 1970s 2007.08.31 Oreos, 1900-2005, 2005.10.20 eggs, 1860s 2007.07.09 1920 & 1960 2005.08.31 1949 2003.10.06 fast food prices 1954 2004.09.06 1960s 2004.11.22 1982 2008.09.17 hamburgers 1895-1922 2009.08 1960s 2003.07.28 1970-2000 2003.04.02 McDonalds [4] 2003.04.08 White Castle hamburgers, 1960s 2006.07.08 hot dogs 1903 2003.08.01 1960s 2003.07.28 1980s 1008.01.05 Nathan's Famous 1930s Immerso/Coney Island--photo (p. 166) Oscar Mayer 2008.01.20 Stevens Brothers (NYC baseball stadiums)--see: baseball concessions FAQ ice cream 1920s [2] 2005.04.21 1930s 2002.05.18 1950s 2002.04.19 Good Humor bars, 1950s 2006.04.29 ice cream cones 1904 2006.01.30 ice cream cones, 1957 [3] 2003.08.19 Kix cereal, 1937-1970 2009.07.26 lemons, 19th century USA added to lemon FAQ lesson plan/data 2000.04.06 margarine, 1900 & 1910, 2004.01.05 milk, 1935 2003.10.13 milkshakes & malteds, 1950s 2006.03.08 oranges 1850s, Florida 2002.06.24 1901 2009.02.09 pie, 1900-1919 pizza 1905 2005.01.27 1930s, slice 2005.01.27 1965 2004.06.12 2000, Pizza Hut 2008.12.07 popcorn (antitrust lawsuit) 1982 2002.11.13 pork, salt, 1872-1890 2003.09.09 soda, 1950 & 1960 2005.03.02 soup,Campbell's Tomato Soup, 1935 2005.01.05 SPAM, 1937 2007.05.06 sugar colonial America [2] 2003.12.16 1942 2002.10.20 Tootsie pops, 1960 2008.02.28 Twinkies & Snoballs (Hostess) 2006.11.26 ************************ Australia FAQ (foodfaq5) Canada [2] 2006.08.15 New Zealand 2008.06.24 United Kingdom Medieval & Renaisance eras FAQ 1914--present FAQ (historic prices, foodfaq5.html) 1909 2007.08.27 1974 2004.05.27 1992 2004.09.13 United States: 1700s, colonial America [2] 2004.01.14 1770s 2001.01.21 1780-1800 (colonial tavern prices for menu) [3] 2002.11.14 1836 2004.04.07 1840s California Gold Rush 2004.05.13 1853 San Antonio 2004.05.30 1850s Ohio 2009.08.19 1861 2005.01.19 (sample prices uploaded to foodfaq5.html 1869/1870 Minnesota 2009.08.07 (see pages; scanned ads) 1876 2002.09.20 1885 2003.08.27 1894 2003.04.30 1895 (4) 2003.09.02 1896 2003.11.30 1902 2002.03.20 1902-Mississippi 2002.04.11 1903 [2] 2003.08.20 1906 [2] 2005.12.30 1910 [2] 2004.04.15 1919 2008.07.19 1920s 2002.03.15 1920s [New York City cafeterias] 2004.11.29 1920s "average" restaurant dinners 2008.11.03 1922 [general] 2003.10.23 1923 2004.07.11 1927 to present 2001.10.28 1930s 2002.11.17 1933-San Francisco 2008.10.18 1933 2004.06.21 1936-USA restaurant prices 2009.03.01 1937 & 1969 2003.02.09 1937 to present 2001.10.26 1937-North Carolina 2002.10.12 1939 2002.03.24 1940-1945 [1] FAQ (1942, 1944) 1942--shopping list 2004.02.11 1943 2001.04.10 1944-France 2009.11.23 1945 [2] 2001.11.20 1951 2001.04.03 1952-Allentown PA 2002.04.09 1955 [2] 2005.04.17 1960s [basic commodities] [2] 2002.05.23 1962 2002.06.18 1964 2004.01.13 1969 2003.10.13 1970s 2002.01.12 2001-2002 2002.10.09 2008 (fuel-gas & food price connection) 2008.05.08 Food processing (post WWII) 2004.08.19 Food pyramid history [8] FAQ Ancient Maya 2006.03.21 16th century "concept" see: Nutrition-history Food rationing 2003.11.04 Food regulations see:U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food safety--see: safety, food Food science (origins, definitions) 2009.08.12 Food service industry--history added to restaurant.html FAQ College food service 2001.06.05 Diversity in food service (modern) 2008.04.18 Empployment & salaries (current) 2003.09.30 Service industry [food & hospitality] 2002.03.20 Food storage--see: storage of food Food supply 2007.07.22 Food styling [3] 2004.08.13 Food tasting (contest guidlines) 2008.11.03 Food trends--how spread & contemporary USA sources [3] 2007.01.01 Food-why made? 2003.07.23 Force--see: breakfast cereal Forcemeat 2005.11.14 Forestiere (garnish) 2005.03.10 Forks--see: silverware Fortune cookies--see: cookies Fouace--see: bread Fra Diavolo--see: Lobster fra diavolo Franco American brand foods 2007.08.30 Frangipane--see: pudding Frankfurters--see: hot dogs Frederick & Nelson's [Seattle department store with bakery & restaurant] 2009.05.23 French dip sandwich--see: sandwiches French doughnuts (fritters) 2002.10.30 French dressing (vinaigrette) [9] FAQ French fries--see:potatoes French onion soup --see: soups French toast [32] FAQ Freedom toast 2003.03.17 Haitian style 2002.02.12 French roll pans--see: bread French vanilla--see: ice cream French Violet Bisque (ice cream topping) 2008.03.30 Friday franks--see: tuna Fried chicken--see: chicken Fried foods--see: frying Fried green tomatoes--see: tomatoes Fried meats (general) 2003.07.09 Fried turkey--see: turkey (Cajun deep fried) Fried pickles (deep fried) --see: pickles 2002.11.15 Fried pies--see: pies Fried rice--see: rice Friendship cake--see: cakes Frijoles charros--see: beans Frito Lay products 2001.12.04 Frito pie--see: pie Frittata [2] 2003.09.22 Fritters 2003.02.10 Cream fritters 2003.10.22 Frogs 2005.01.24 Frogs legs [3] 2004.05.22 Frogmore stew--see: stew Fromage frais--see: cheese Frontier chicken--see: chicken Frosting--see:icing Frozen food--inventor? [3] 2004.04.17 Frozen foods--United Kingdom 2003.11.07 Frozen pie crust--see: pie Frozen yogurt--see: yogurt Fruit--popular American 2003.08.26 Crystalized 2004.10.23 Dried fruit--see: leather, fruit Fruit butters--see: Apple butter FA@ Fruit curds--see: Fruit butters Fruit Float (Libby's dessert item) 2005.01.20 Fruit cocktail pie--see: pies Fruit imports (out of season) 2007.07.14 Fruit jellies 2003.10.02 Fruit leather--see: leather Fruit salad--see: salad Fruit transportation (fresh0 see: banana transport Fruitcake--see: cake Fruits de mer 2005.10.13 Frumenty [3] 2006.01.02 Fry bread--see: bread Frying [7] 2004.09.23 Deep frying [11] 2004.12.23 Extreme deep fried foods (deep fried candy bars, deep fried twinkies, etc.) [3] 2006.09.29 Frying pans (sources for research) 2004.05.20 Fudge--see candy Fudge 'N Nut cookies--see: cookies Ful Mudammas--ss: countries-Egypt Funeral food 2005.02.23 Fungi 2004.09.07 Funnel cakes FAQ Funny Face drink mix (& period competition) [2] 2003.07.23 Future food [2] 2003.09.15 G.H. Bent-contact information 2000.08.05 Gai lan (vegetable) 2003.12.03 Galantines [3] 2003.09.27 Galen--see: Nutrition history, Renaissance Galettes--see: bread Galingale (medieval spice) 2004.01.22 Gallo pinto [6] 2003.03.06 Game, wild [2] 2003.02.06 Ganache 2003.12.08 Gandhi, Mahatma--see: famous people Garage wine--see: wine Garde manger [12] 2004.05.10 Garden eggs--see: eggplant Garden parties 2005.12.04 Gardoon--see: cardoon Garlic [8] 2004.03.21 Garlic knots--see: bread Garlic powder 2007.09.25 Garlic soup--see: soups Roast garlic (roasted garlic) 2006.06.22 Garnish [4] 2005.02.09 Gastronomique banquet 2006.04.18 Gatorade & Powerade 2001.01.24 Gazpacho--see: soups Gefilte fish--see: fish Gelatin (medieval, colonial, manufactured, isinglass) [7] 2005.08.05 Gelato--see: ice cream General Tso's Chicken--see: chicken Generic foods (vs national & store brands) 2003.01.06 Genetically modified foods [5] (See also designer foods) 2004.01.25 Genoise--see: cakes-sponge Gentrification of food (culinary gentrification) 2006.03.27 Gentse Watersooi (Belgian one-pot meal) 2006.01.31 Geophagy (pica) 2004.01.31 Georgia Hots--see: hot dogs Gerber's Baby Food--see:baby food German foods--see: countries-Germany German potato salad--see: salads Gianduja--see: Nutella Gibraltar rock--see: candy Ginger [4] 2005.04.28 Ginger ale [3] 2003.01.21 Ginger cakes & nutmeg 2003.06.05 Ginger, preserved (recipes) 2008.111.24 Ginger snaps--see: cookies Gingerbread, Gingerbread houses [4] 2004.09.08 Gingerbread men--famous people/recipes 2002.05.22 Gingerbread nuts--see: cookies Grasmere (Sarah Nelson, Rush Bearer's Cake) 2007.09.26 hot water cake recipe--see: cakes-hot water Parkin 2008.03.10 Girl Scouts USA Goulash recipes 2008.05.27 Glayva (liqueur) 2005.08.29 Globe Theatre, concessions 17th century 2002.05.05 Gnocchi--see: potatoes Goat cheese--see: cheese Goats [3] 2006.04.03 Goats & the Bible 2003.08.21 Goetta (Cincinnati scrapple, see also: gritwurst, scrapple) [3] 2004.11.29 Goitrogens (affecting the goiter) 2009.10.22 Goji berries 2005.04.06 Gold leaf & silver leaf (aka edible gold) [5] 2005.04.25 Golden Steer restaurant--see: restaurants Golden Tap--see: orange juice "Gone With the Wind" dinner menus 2003.12.08 Gongs--see: bells Good Start H.A. --see: baby food Gorditas [3] 2005.02.10 Goose, Christmas, Victorian-era 2005.11.17 GORP--see: trail mix Gouda--see: cheese Goulash--see: stew Gourmet (defn & sources for study) [2] 2005.08.11 Governor sauce--see: sauces Graham cracker cake--see: cakes Granulated sugar--see: sugar Grape-Concord 2003.09.17 Grape pie--seee:pies Grapelade (Welch's) 2006.07.02 Graham, Sylvester 2008.08.06 Graham crackers, chocolate-coated 2002.06.29 Granita--see: Ice cream Granola 2003.03.04 Grant, Ulysses S.--see: Presidental food favorites Grape tomatoes--see: tomatoes-grape Grapes 2003.10.21 iced grapes (for centerpieces) 2007.11.27 Keuka Lake (NY Finger Lakes) 2009.08.12 red seedless (Flame) 2005.01.20 Grasmere Gingerbread--see: Gingerbread Grasshopper pie--see: pies Gravlox [2] 2004.04.04 When popular in America? 2005.11.15 Gravy see also: chocolate gravy [2] 2003.12.06 Cowboy gravy 2006.01.02 Hot dog gravy--see: hot dogs Gravy fries--see: potatoes-gravy fries Greates (groats, grits) [3] 2004.11.22 Grits in Texas 2007.07.09 Green, Edith (TV cooking show host & cookbook author) 2007.09.22 Green bean amandine (green bean almondine)--see: casseroles Green bean casserole--see: casseroles Green foods (most popular) 2004.03.17 Green Goddess salad dressing--see: salads Green meat (fresh kill) 2004.08.11 Green Revolution 2001.11.01 Greens (turnip, collard, mustard) [2] 2004.02.10 Gretwurst--see:gritwurst Grilled cheese--see: sandwiches Grilling-American word (broiling) [4] 2004.05.10 Grills, barbeque--se: barbecue grills Grinders, food [aka food mills] [5] 2004.04.19 Gritwurst (see also: goetta, scrapple) 2004.09.03 Groats--see: greates Groom's cake--see: cake Gross National Product (US)-food-1970s 20034.05.12 Gruel [2] 2005.10.15 Guacamole/avocados [8] FAQ Guildmaster sauce--see: sauces Guinea fowl 2007.11.29 Gum --see chewing gum Gumbo--see: soup Gummi bears--see: candy-gummi bears Guys & Dolls dinner menus (NYC early 1950s) 2005.07.29 Gypsy tart--see: pies Gyros [8] FAQ H & P sauce--see: sauces Hachis-17th century hash recipe 2001.02.13 Haddie, chicken--see: chicken haddie Hagelslag--see: candy Haggis [5] FAQ Halal--see: religion & food, Islam Halloween foods--see: holidays Hallstatt salt--see: salt Halusky--see: dumplings Halvah--see: candy Ham [5] 2004.07.08 Cottage ham 2006.01.29 country ham 2007.07.12 curing 2003.09.11 Easter 2004.04.13 Maryland stuffed ham 2006.12.20 picnic [2] 2004.02.03 Spanish (Serrono, Jabugo) [2] 2003.03.23 Spiral carved (Honey Baked Hams) 2009.03.13 Thanksgiving? 2003.11.26 Turkey ham--see: turkey Haman's ears--see: cookies Hamballs [2] 2003.03.02 Hamburger Helper 2005.10.09 Hamburgers [5] 2003.08.28 & fries 2004.04.15 canned hamburger patties (Swift's Premium & Claridge) [2] 2008.07.16 Long Boy Hamburgers (& cheeseburgers0 2009.04.17 prices 1970-2000 2003.04.02 prices, McDonalds 2003.04.08 Texas burgers 2005.01.15 Hamilton, Alexander--see: famous people Hanami--see: holidays Hangman's loaf--see: sandwiches Haram--see: religion & food, Islam Hard sauce--see: sauce Harlem Renaissance--see: 1920s-1930s Hartshorn--see: ammonia cookies FAQ Hashbrowns--see: potatoes Hardtack [4] 2003.10.13 candy--sugar free (recipe) 2000.12.12 Hari, Mata--see: famous people Harvard beets--see: beets Harvey Houses--coffee 2006.05.10 Harvey Wallbanger cake--see: cakes Harvey's sauce--see: sauce Hasselback potatoes (Sweden)--see: potatoes Hasty pudding-see: puddings Head cheese [2] 2005.11.19 Health foods 2002.02.26 Healthy snacks 2002.10.13 Hearts 2004.12.20 Hearts of palm 2002.05.08 Heater meals 2005.02.07 Heckman & Keebler company connection 2009.02.07 Heirloom vegetables (origins, including tomatoes0 2008.09.22 Hello Dolly Bars--see: cookies Hemp seeds 2005.10.10 Herbs vs spices [2] 2004.01.24 Herbs, Colonial era 2004.03.02 Hermits--see: cookies Hero sandwiches--see: sandwiches Herring (Baltic) 2001.01.09 Herring/Symbolic holiday meaning 2002.12.20 Hershey's cocoa fudge--see: candy Heydey--see: cookies Hickory nuts--see: nuts High frutcose corn syrup--see: corn Hiller, Elizabeth O. 2007.12.05 Hindenberg menus (airship, blimp, dirigible) circa 1930s 2007.03.05 Hindu foods & taboos--see: religion & food, taboos Hippodromes--see: cookies Hmong--see:countries-Laos Hoagies (Philadelphia-style subs), see: faq submarines Hoagy's Corner Deli--see: restaurants Hodge podge 2005.08.01 Hoe cakes [3] 2002.10.14 Hoffman Beverage Company 2008.03.01 Hogmanay see: holidays-New Year Hoisin sauce 2001.06.28 Hokey pokey sweets--see: ice cream 2003.07.21 Holidays & special events Children's party food 2001.01.01 Chinese New Year 2006.12.30 Christmas FAQ Australian 2006.12.08 Befana cookies/cakes (Italy, Epiphany) 2008.10.24 Boar's head--see: wild boar Christmas cake--see: cake-Yule cake Cuba 2006.12.14 France, 20th century menus 2008.12.18 Holland (Netherlands) [2] 2005.12.12 India 2007.09.21 international 2002.12.05 italy, 20th century menus 2008.12.18 Medieval Europe 2005.10.07 Mexico [2] 2005.12.18 17th century England & Germany 2003.10.25 1840 England 2002.12.05 1840 Texas [English settlers] 2005.12.09 1880 Arizona 2007.12.08 1950s USA [2] 2003.10.31 Menus: President Kennedy 2003.05.24 Nuts & fruit (as gifts) [3] 2006.12.06 Oranges (as gifts) 2005.10.09 Roosevelt (TR, FDR) 2003.05.29 1900 & 1942 ("Average" American) 2004.02.09 Seven fishes of Christmas (Italian) [3] 2005.11.16 South Africa 2009.02.18 Spain 2005.12.12 Switzerland 2006.11.28 Ukraine, 12 course dinner 2007.12.01 Easter foods (general) FAQ America, 1600-1800 2002.12.15 Dutch/Netherlands 2006.04.18 Egg rolls (hunts) in Washington D.C. 2009.02.26 Green Thursday (Easter tradition) [2] 2005.03.24 Halloween 2005.09.07 Hanami (Japanese cherry blossom viewing & picnic) 2007.01.26 Kentucky Derby party menu 2001.03.26 New Year's Day 1900-1909 2005.08.30 1940s: cocktail party (post WWII) 2005.12.17 Colonial American collations 2005.11.29 Cookies (Dutch) 2006.12.21 good luck foods 2005.01.01 Hogmanay (Scotland) 2005.12.28 Philadelphia Mummers cakes 2006.12.21 New Year's Eve, 1930s 2008.12.15 Thanksgiving FAQ Canadian 2006.11.11 first American 1999.08.10 Valentines Day candy [3] 2003.01.30 Hollandaise--see: sauce Holstein schnitzel--see: weiner schnitzel Hominy [2] 2002.10.19 Homity pie--see: pies Honey FAQ Beekeeping in England [18th century] 2006.02.24 Poisoned honey (death by honey) 2008.01.22 Hoppin' John [6] 2003.03.29 Horehound (hoarhound) [2] 2006.01.02 Horlick's powder (malteds) 2002.11.27 Horn & Hardart automat recipes [3] FAQ (automats) applesauce 2002.08.26 Applesauce cake 2004.11.15 broiled onion 2002.06.30 cheese cake 2000.09.09 fried cod 2002.06.30 pumpkin pie 2002.01.13 rice pudding 2000.12.13 spaghetti 2002.08.26 spaghetti sauce 2000.10.20 Horse meat [2] 2003.03.19 Horseradish [3] 2003.10.08 with beef--see: beef Hot and sour soup--see: soups Hot chips 2009.05.15 Hot chocolate--see: chocolate Hot cross buns--see: bread Hot dish--see: casseroles Hot dogs [4] 2003.10.14 Chicago style 2005.01.16 Dodger Dogs 2008.06.02 Fenway Franks 2005.05.26 Georgia Hots 2007.04.24 Hot dog gravy (recipes) 2007.03.08 Hot dogs & Apple pie (paired as traditional American foods) 2008.10.24 ingredients 2003.03.27 Prices--see: prices-hot dogs Twitchell, Frank (Hot dog king, Chicago) 2005.07.25 Hot milk cake--see: cake Hot-N-Tot Sauce--see: sauces Hotcakes--see: pancakes Hotel menus, NYC 91920s-1930s)--see: Waldorf Astoria Houdini, Harry--see: famous people House of Murphy 2004.01.20 Howard Johnson's Chicken Croquettes--see: chicken Huckleberry (why named) 2007.04.22 Huckleberry Finn--see: famous people: Twain, Mark Huevos moles (ovos moles) 2004.01.25 Huevos rancheros--see: eggs Hundred year eggs--see eggs Hummingbird cake--see: cakes Hummus/hummis [10] 2003.11.26 Hunter's beef--see: beef Hunter's sausage (Landjaeger) recipe 2002.05.07 Hupa subsistence (Northern California Native Americans) 2005.1230 Hush puppies [15] FAQ Hydrogenated oils see: oils Hydromel--see: mead Hydrox cookies--see: cookies Ice 2005.04.04 Ancient China 2005.12.23 Ice box--see: Icebox Ice cream [8] FAQ Abood Ice Cream Company/Cleveland OH 2008.10.01 Americna Ice Cream Company [Decatur IL] 2006.02.04 Baked Alaska [4] FAQ Banana splits [7] FAQ Black cows/root beer floats [8] 2004.07.26 Bomb Pops 2008.06.28 Bombe 2006.02.15 cake [3] 2004.01.05 Carnation Company 2001.06.15 Chicago Brick (vanilla, caramel & orange sherbet) 2008.05.02 Cherries on top 2003.09.24 Chipwich 2006.06.22 Cho Cho bars [5] 2006.08.30 Coffee ice cream 2006.11.16 Cookies & Cream 2008.03.24 David Haram (aka David h\Harum, David Harem) [sundae, Canada] 2008.08.01 Dippin Dots 2007.02.25 Dixie cups (aka Skippy cups) 2008.04.29 Dolley Madison/1812 2003.07.23 Drumsticks 2005.08.31 Fifty-Fifty bars (50-50 bars) 2008.02.17 Flavors original 2003.03.06 early American added to ice cream FAQ (general) 1920s 2002.07.11 personality predictors [psychology of flavor choice] 2007.08.16 total number in world [3] 2006.08.15 Floats--see: black cows Freezers, patents [Nancy Johnson, electric, etc.] 2007.02.02 French style [French vanilla] [3] 2003.12.15 Fried [2] 2004.04.05 Gelato [4] 2004.11.01 FAQ Haagen-Dazs brand [2] 2005.03.16 Hokey pokey treats 2003.07.21 Ice cream cones 2002.09.10 Prices, 1904--see: food prices Ice cream forks--see: silverware Ice cream powder (Jell-O) [2] 2004.02.19 Ice Cream Snowballs (Foremost product, with candle) 2009.10.25 Italian water ice/granita [3] FAQ Jefferson, Thomas--see: presidents-Jefferson Knickerbocker Glory 2007.04.21 Kulfi (Indian ice cream) 2009.02.24 Milk shakes [3] 2003.09.16 Cabinets (Rhode Island) 2004.09.28 Milky Way (& other commercial candy/ice cream partnerships) 2008.09.26 Mixes--see: Ice cream powder Neapolitan [5] 2003.12.29 Novelties (ice cream bars, eskimo pies & popsicles) [3] 2004.07.03 most popular novelties (current) 2008.10.12 Novelty, served on platter in commercial (not found) 2008.06.30 Parfait [5] FAQ Philadelphia style 2009.03.19 Pistachio flavor 2008.05.14 Popsicles [3] FAQ Pretzels in ice cream 2009.08.04 Prices--see: food prices Rocky Road [6] 2005.08.23 Root beer floats--see: black cows sandwiches [6] 2004.07.09 Scoops (aka dishers) [2] 2005.09.09 Sherbet powder 2004.05.20 Sno kones (snow cones) [3] 2005.06.13 Socials/sociables [6] 2004.06.05 sorbet/sherbet [2] 2002.11.02 soft 2002.08.11 spumoni [2] 2005.08.27 Stracciatella (chocolate chip) 2003.08.29 Sundae [4] 2003.11.23 Ten Below (mix product) 2007.02.19 Thomas Jefferson's 2002.08.15 Tin roof sundae 2007.08.09 Vala's Ice Cream (company) 2002.09.02 Vienetta 2006.04.16 Whale oil (as ingredient, instead of dairy cream) 2008.01.22 White House cherry (flavor) 2009.05.14 Icebox cake--seeL FAQ Icebox cookies--see: cookies-refrigerator Icebox pie--see: pies-refrigerator Iced grapes--see: grapes Iced tea 2001.12.05 Long Island Iced Tea 2001.06.12 Icing/frosting --see also: sugar paste [7] FAQ buttercream 2003.05.16 Chocolate 2003.08.20 Double Dutch Frosting Mix (Pillsbury, for Tunnel of Fudge Cake) 2007.03 Fondant (ready to use, in [pre-made sheets or mixes, lay over cake, aka rolled fondant]) [2] 2008.01.12 Ready to spread (canned) [3] 2004.06.16 Ideal bars--see: cookies Idiot's Delight (Civil War era dessert) [2] 2007.03.31 Idli (India) [3] 2005.05.14 Imagawayaki (Japan) 2004.10.08 Imperatrice see: rice Impossible pie--see: pies Inca foods [2] FAQ Income & Food (how wealth affects food choices) 2006.02.16 Infant formula--see: baby food Inflight catering [5] 2005.09.24 Injera--see:breads Innkeeper's pie--see: pie Instant coffee--see: coffee potatoes--see: potatoes pudding see: pudding Internet recipe (first)--see: recipes Inuit--bread 2003.08.14 Inuit--how kept food from freezing [2] 2003.09.08 Iowa State Fair, baking contests [2] 2004.05.15 Irish coffee-see: coffee Irish potato soup--see: soups Irish soda bread--see: bread Iroquois foods--see: Native Americans "Is it soup yet?"--see: soup Isinglass--see: gelatin Islamic foods (ancient & customs)--see: religion & food Italian beef sandwich--see: sandwiches Italian cream cake--see: cake-Italian cream Italian food history--see: countries-Italy Italian love cake--see: cakes Italian (water) ice--see: ice cream Italian wedding soup (minestra maritata) see: soup Jack rolls (aka jack bread, Australia )--see:breads Jack's Cookies--see: cookies Jackson, Augustus--see: famous people Jaegerschnitzel 2005.03.24 Jalisco (Mexican cheese--see: cheese-Mexico) Jam [5] 2001.10.29 Jam, jelly & preserves [definitions & differences] [6] 2006.10.01 Jam cake--see: cakes Jambalaya [2] 2005.04.18 Japanese fruit cake--see: cakes, fruit cake Jar cake--see: cakes-cake in a jar Jar mixes (gifts) 2004.06.04 JELLO-1-2-3 [3] 2004.03.06 Jell-O popcorn--see: Candy-popcorn balls Jelly fruit 2003.08.02 grape 2003.11.18 consistency/why wobbles? 2004.06.27 Jerked foods--see: Chicken, Jamaican Jerk Chicken Jerky-beef FAQ beef recipes 2001.06.18 beef-Santa Fe trail 2003.01.25 Civil War era 2005.11.17 Slim Jims 2009.04.21 Jewish foods--see: religion and food Jew's Mallow (aka Jute Mallow, Melohkia) 2008.10.11 Jezebel sauce--see: sauces Jicama [4] 2005.01.21 Jimmies--see: candy Joe Booker Stew--see: stew Joe Froggers--see: cookies John Sexton & Company 2004.08.06 Johnnie cakes--see: corn Jolly Green Giant 2005.01.30 Jolly Ranchers--see: candy Jordan almonds--see: nuts-almonds Jujubees (Heide Co.)--see: candy Julekake--see: cake-Yule cake Julienne [3] 2005.05.19 Jumbals [aka gimmows, gemmels, sugar cakes]--see: cookies Junket--see:puddings Jute Mallow--see: Jew's Mallow Kadayif (also Qata'if, kunafa, knafeh) 2006.04.22 Kahlua cake--see: cakes Kaiser rolls--see: breads Kan, Johnny (restaurateur)--added to foodasian FAQ Kamishbrot (Ukraine)--see: cookies Karo syrup [2] 2001.06.30 How named? 2005.01.10 peanut brittle recipe 2002.01.10 Kasha 2004.02.26 Kayo Chocolate Drink--see: chocolate Keba--see also: shashlik [6] FAQ Kellogg's company (first foods) 2004.11.13 Kelp--see: algae Kefir (fermented milk product) 2004.10.25 Kendal Mint Cake--see: candy Kennedy's Biscuit Company 2006.11.01 Kentucky Derby party menu [3] 2003.11.19 pie--see: pie Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC)--see: chicken Ketchup [5] 2004.01.11 Pride of the Farm brand 2007.07.06 Key Keeper (story on Junket pudding boxes) 2007.04.14 Key lime pie--see: pie Kheer (Indian rice pudding)--see: pudding KhoiKhoi (aka Khoisan) peoples--see: Africa Kibbeh (aka kebbee, kibbe) [3] 2005.02.22 Kidder, Edward 2003.12.03 Kimchee (Korea) 2002.03.12 Recipes 2005.04.21 King Ranch chicken--see:chicken Kirk, Dorothy (cookbook author) 2007.10.16 Kiss torte--see: pie-Angel Pie Kiszka--see: sausage Kit Kat pies (aka Katts pies)--see: pies Kitchens 2005.02.21 (see also: cooking utensils) Cookers (first gas & electric) 2007.03.14 Test kitchens (American) 2007.02.06 Kiwi fruit [4] 2004.01.05 Knafeh--see: kadayif Knickerbocker Glory--see: ice cream Knish 2005.05.03 Knoefla soup--see: soups-knoefla Kobe beef--see: beef Kochu chang--see:sauces Kofta (meatball) 2004.02.25 Kohlrabi 2005.09.03 Kolache (kolacky) [5] 2004.09.28 Kool aid pickles--see: pickles Korean restaurants--see: restaurants Korma [2] 2008.09.22 Koshari 2004.10.02 Kosher foods--see: religion & food Kouloura--see:bread Kraft Dinner--see: Macaroni & cheese Kransekake--see: cakes Kringla/krinlges (Norway) 2004.09.23 Kuchen--see: cake (apfelkuchen) Kugel--see: puddings-noodle Ku Kwa--see: melon, bitter Kulfi--see: ice cream Kulick--see:bread Kumara--see: sweet potato Kunafa--see: Kadayif Kung Po Chicken--see: chicken Kwakiutl Indians 2003.09.26 La Choy 2008.02.23 Labeneh (laban, leben)--see: yogurt Lady (loaf kneader) 2004.07.04 Lady Baltimore cake--see: cake Ladyfingers [4] 2003.09.01 Lactic acid in foods 2004.04.22 Ladles--see: silverware Lafayettes---see: candy Laksa--see: pasta Lamb--see also: Denver ribs Lamb & mint sauce [4] 2003.08.04 FAQ Lamb Henry 2003.12.12 Lamg (India) 2005.07.15 Lamb Navarin see: Navarin Word origin (English) 2007.09.39 Lamb's fru 2008.09.15 Lamb's lettuce--see: lettuce Lamingtons--see: cake Landjaeger (Hunter's) sausage recipe 2002.05.07 Lane cake--see: cakes Langues de chat--see: cookies Lard [3] 2006.02.02 1960s (grocery store USA brands) 2009.09.24 Sandwich--see: sandwiches, lard Larders 2004.04.21 Lasagne--see:pasta Latkes--see:potato Lavash (aka lavosh) Armenian flat bread--see: bread Lavendar 2007.02.01 Le St. Germain [restaurant]--see: restaurants Leather, fruit [2] 2004.02.14 Leaves, stuffed (fig or grape) see: Stuffed leaves Lebanon bologna--see: sausages Leberknodelsuppe (liver soup)--see: soup Leeks [5] 2006.05.25 Leeks, wild--see: ramp Leftover pie--see: pies Lefse (Norwegian potato pancakes)--see: potatoes Legumes 2003.12.03 Lemon bars--see: cookies Lemon curd [2] 2005.03.20 Lemon meringue pie--see: pie Lemon pot pie--see: pie Lemon Sour (soda fountain beverage) 2008.05.27 Lemonade FAQ Lemonade stands 2006.06.13 Lemons [4] 2004.05.17 & fish--see: fish & lemon Meyer 2008.09.04 pickled--see: limes Lentils Origin & European 2007.03.30 India 2003.02.23 Lettuce [4] 2003.08.04 Iceberg [3] 2004.09.14 Lamb's lettuce (aka mache, cornsalad) 2008.05.21 Romaine 2004.07.31 Lewis & Clark's food [3] 2003.03.10 Li hing mui--see: crack seed Libby, McNeill, Libby Inc. [2] 2005.09.06 Libby's Fruit Float 2005.10.09 Libum [2] 2004.09.09 Licorice 2003.09.21 Spanish (Northern British name for liquorice) 2005.11.06 Lick--see: molasses Light bread--see: breads Light foods (lite foods) 2005.12.07 Lights (lungs) 2005.07.06 Lime ricky (drink) 2004.02.19 Limes [3] 2004.3.22 Australian wild 2003.11.18 Pickled [4] FAQ Limpa--see: bread-Swedish breads Linzertortes [5] FAQ Lipton Onion soup mix--see: soups-soup mix Lisbon biscuits--see: cookies Lisbon cakes--see: cookies Lisbon sugar--see: sugar Literature & food (foodways/recipes/menus for book clubs & students) Alcott, Louisa May [Little Women] 2007.07.21 Austen, Jane [9] 2004.10.06 (includes notes on poor & labouring class diets) picnics--see: picnics-Jane Austen tea party 2005.01.17 Bronte, Charlotte [Jane Eyre] 2007.02.05 Chekov, Anton [Three Sisters, Cherry Tree] [2] 2003.02.21 Hughes, Langston [Thank You Ma'am, 10 cent cake] 2006.10.03 Lee, Harper [To Kill a Mockingbird] [5] 2005.02.01 Poe, Edgar Allan 2008.03.17 Rawlings, Marjorie [The Yearling] 2006.01.15 Rowling, JK [Harry Potter] 2008.02.04 Steinbeck, John [Grapes of Wrath] 2005.09.14 Twain, Mark [Huckleberry Finn] quicksilver & bread reference [2] 2007.09.23 Whitman, Walt 2008.03.17 Zola, Emile [Nana] 2007.01.04 Liver, chopped 2005.12.31 Liver pudding--see:pudding Liver salts (Dr. Andrews) 2002.10.14 Livermush 2006.01.22 see also: liver pudding Livornese sauce--see: sauces Liverwurst 2003.09.28 Lizzies--see: cookies Llapingachos--see:potatoes Lo mein--see: noodles Loaf pans 2006.11.06 Lobscouse--see: stew Lobster [6] FAQ Colonial New England, laws 2008.08.03 Flesh side (definition) 2008.04.16 Lobster bisque--see: soups Lobster Fra Diavolo 2007.08.17 Lobster Newberg 2004.05.24 Lobster season 2008.06.13 Lobster serving dishes 2008.05.23 Lobster Thermidor 2004.05.24 National Lobster Day 2009.06.01 Rock lobster (aka crayfish) 2004.12.03 rolls [2] 2004.01.27 Lobster tail pastry--see: pastry, sfogliatella Local foods movement (& farmers markets) 2005.10.19 Log cabin cake--see: cake Lollipops--see: candy London broil--see: beef Long Boy hamburgers (& cheeseburgers)--see: hamburgers Long branch potato--see: potatoes Longbread 2007.12.14 Lorraine Swiss--see: cheese Lotus flowers (India) 2005.07.15 Louis Buffet (Tampa Florida) 2007.05.03 Louis Sherry candies--see: candy Louise cake--see:cakes Loukoumades (Greek)--see also: cakes-croquembouche [6] 2005.03.09 Low Country Boil--see: stew- Frogmore Low fat foods (market introduction) 2004.02.20 Lox 2006.03.10 (see also: 1. Gravlox 2. Breads: bagels, lox & creamcheese) Luau--see: United States, Hawaii Lumpia [3] 2003.09.22 Lunarce 2004.06.17 Lunch 19th century, American, general 2007.02.21 19th century, American, school 2004.04.08 Ploughman's lunch 2006.07.02 Lunchables [2] 2004.04.30 Lussekatter (Lucia's Cats)--see: breads Lutefisk--see: fish Luwombo (Uganda) 2005.03.15 Lychee (aka litchi) 2005.03.02 Lynden Farms chicken & noodle dinner--see: chicken Lyonnaise potatoes--see: potatoes MSG--see: monosodium glutamate Ma po tofu (ma po bean curd) 2004.09.08 Maca yeast--see: yeast MacIntosh Toffee--see: candy Maraconi--see: pasta Macaroons-French [8] 2004.04.14 Mace (spice) 2004.09.21 Mache--see: lettuce-lamb's lettuce Mad Hatter potato chips (Toronto) 2003.09.22 Madeira cake--see: cakes Madeleines & Proust [3] FAQ Maenna-Roumanian 2003.01.26 Magic Flavor Capsule (Royal Pudding mixes) see: Puddings, Mixes, Royal Brand Mai fan rice noodles see: rice Mai tai 2005.03.02 Maids of Honour--see: cakes Maintenon (Escoffier's definition) 2006.05.14 Maisel, Arthur (restauranteur) 2008.05.02 Makarounes--see: Pasta Malakoff--see: cake Mallomars--see: cookies Mallow Russe 2006.06.28 Malt [2] 2007.07.15 Malt loaf--see: bread Malted flour 2007.07.15 Malted milk [6] FAQ Malted waffles 2007.07.15 Maltex (hot, creamy cereal) 2008.10.03 Ma'mounia and ma'moul--see: cakes: basboosa Manchego--see: cheese Mandarin oranges--see: oranges Mandelbrot--see: cookies Mandrake--see: tomatoes Mangoes [7] 2004.10.07 Manicotti--see: pasta Manjar Bianco--see: Dulce de Lechoe Mantou (Mandu)--see: dumplings Maori [New Zealand] FAQ (Australia & New Zealand) Preservation techniques [2] 2005.11.10 Maple syrup [2] 2004.03.26 see also: Syrup-Pancake Syrup (imitation/artificial/blended) 1880s 2005.04.05 & pancakes 2003.06.28 Marchand de vin sauce--see: sauces Margarine Blue Bonnet--sold in glass jars? 2009.01.25 Chiffon 2006.10.20 regulations & prices [2] 2004.01.05 Margaritas [3] 2003.09.02 Marie Rose/Thousand Island dressings 2003.07.15 Marinades [marinating] 2005.07.19 Marischino cherries see: cherries 2002.04.12 Marjolaine 2006.07.20 Marboro Quiz 2006 2006.08.31 Marmalade FAQ (candy) Coolidge Tomato Marmalade 2007.09.10 Marmite (New Zealand) [2] 2004.09.11 Marrow--see: bones Marshmallows [58] FAQ ancient recipes 2002.11.25 Fluff & creme (same thing?) 2003.03.18 gelatin free? 2001.12.26 gluten free? 2001.08.23 & hot chocolate--see: chocolate, hot how to color 2000.10.20 individual portions 2002.01.01 minis (1950s) 2002.08.29 modern recipes 2003.01.30 root recipes 2003.94.03 sandwich cookies--see: cookies Martha Washington cake--see: cakes Martha Washington candy--see: candy Martha Washington pie--see: pies Martinis (& Martini glasses) [2] 2005.07.26 Marzipan--see: candy Mary Ann's measuring cups & baking pans [3] 2003.04.25 Mary Jane--see: candy Marzetti casserole--see: casseroles Maslin (grain combination) 2004.08.08 Masoor/Masur (Indian lentils) 2003.02.23 Massai--see: countries-Kenya Massailot (English translations?) 2007.09.12 Matelotte--see:soup Matkanash--see: bread Matzo 32] 2003.11.24 Matzo ball soup--see: soups Matzo balls [4] 2005.01.24 added to dumpling faq Matzo Brei [4] 2003.04.21 Maubi (aka maubey)--see: alcoholic beverages Mawmeny 2007.11.14 Maxim--see: coffee Maxwell House tea 2003.02.03 Maximillian sauce--see: sauces Maya foods [2] FAQ Meat 2004.02.25 Mayonnaise--see: sauces Mayocoba beans--see: beans Mazamorra--see: corn Mazetta (White Stokes brand) [2] 2006.05.23 McDonalds--see: restaurants Mead [5] 2003.10.12 Meal times [2] 2003.10.18 meal times vs grazing (eating when you are hungry) 2009.09.22 Meals Colonial America "typical" meals 2003.12.10 Dejeuner (French) 2005.04.15 Early 20th century America (sample breakfast, lunch & dinner) 2003.10.17 Meals ready to eat (MREs) 2005.02.26 Measurements 1800-1850 2005.02.05 scales & weights [2] 2009.02.11 standard [5] 2004.09.20 Teaspoons & tablespoons 2005.09.17 Meat 2004.11.17 California meat cutters strike, 1950s 2009.07.31 curing 2002.01.23 grinders --see:grinders substitutes (vegetarian) 2003.08.12 tenderizers (manufactured & papaya) 2007.05.25 Meat press 2009.08.17 Meat tray raffles (Australia pub tradition) 2003.12.19 Meatballs [12] FAQ Grape jelly recipe 2008.12.08 Swedish meatballs [13] FAQ Swedish meatballs/Joy of Cooking recipe 2003.05.25 Meatloaf [23] FAQ Cajun 2003.04.28 cornflakes/wheaties 2003.02.21 Dry milk or cream in recipe (Pream, Pet Milk): 2008.10.20 Hard boiled eggs embedded 2004.12.03 Meat Loaf Wellington 2009.07.30 (2 recipes attached to paper question sheet, not online) Porcupine meatballs/meatloaf 2005.05.17 Medici, Catherine see: famous people Medieval food--healthier than present day? 2003.08.30 Melah, Valentino (chef to President Grant)--see: chefs Melas Zomos (ancient Athens) 2004.08.01 Melba, peach--see: peaches Melba toast [3] 2004.06.11 Melon Bitter melon (Ku Kwa) 2007.03.10 Mellin's Food [infant/baby food] [2] 2008.04.26 Melokhia--see: Jew's Mallow Melting moments--see: cookies Menudo--see: soups-tripe Menus 2005.03.08 A la Carte [3] 2007.04.07 American south 1920s 2003.01.28 children's (USA, when introduced) 2007.07.09 Christmas USA 1950s 2003.10.17 Classic French (multi-course) FAQ (restaurants, menus) descriptive 2003.04.17 Menu del dia (Spain) 2006.04.28 Menu engineering 2006.11.12 NYC kosher deli 1914 2002.11.19 Prix Fixe 2007.04.16 Table d'Hote [3] 2007.04.16 Tasting menus 2005.03.13 Meringue--see: pies: lemon meringue Mescal--see: taquila Mesclun--see: salads Mesquite 2009.04.20 Methiglin 2006.01.11 Metrecal--see: breakfast drinks Meuniere 2006.09.25 Mexican foods--see: countries-Mexico hot chocolate (Aztec/Maya) 2002.10.15 Mexican lasagne--see: pasta-lasagne wedding cakes/cookies--see cookies sweet bread (pan dulce)--see: bread-pan dulce Meyer Lemons--see: Lemons Michigan hot dog sauce [3] 2003.11.11 Mickey Cakes--see: cake Microbes in food (yogurt, cheese, vinegar, beer & wine) 2004.11.23 Microwave ovens first restaurant use (Tad's, Shrafft's) 2009.01.11 Middle Earth food--see: Tolkein Miga--see: eggs Mignardise--see also: petits fours 2003.08.08 Mike & Ike--see: candy Milanese sauce (& sauce Milaniase)--see: sauces Milani's 1890 salad dressing--see: salad dressings Military food [2] 2006.08.19 (paper only) includes: Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Hannibal, Anglo Saxons, US Military 16th century UK Navy 2009.02.14 17th century UK 2008.06.23 Military pickle--see: pickles Milk [7] FAQ Blue John (skim milk) 2005.08.31 Bottled, fresh, England (Great Britain) 2005.12.01 Buttermilk (drinking, dried) [3] 2006.09.16 Chocolate, commerical 2006.07.07 Colonial America (what kinds were available?) 2007.09.11 Cardboard containers 2006.01.20 Grading (labeling...1%, 2% etc.) 2006.10.11 Infant feeding (1960s USA) added to foodbaby.html Milk and cereal 2004.04.15 Pream (dry nonfat dairy substitute) & meatloaf recipe 2008.10.20 Receiving boxes (home delivery) 2006.05.04 Scalded 2005.01.23 Skim 2009.09.16 UTH 2008.10.18 Milk crackers--see: crackers Milk Duds--banana, cherry & grape flavors--see: candy Milk shakes--see: ice cream Mille feuille (mille foglie) [3] FAQ (Napoleons) Millet [3] 2005.01.03 added to FAQ Milling Ancient, Roman Britain & Anglo Saxon techniques 2009.08.23 Millionaire's shortbread--see: cookies-shortbread Milnot (canned milk product) 2004.03.05 Milwaukee foods--see: countries, United States-Wisconsin Minced meat 2003.04.26 Mincemeat/mince pies--see: pies Mineral water--see: water Minerals 2004.09.08 Minestra maritata (Italian Wedding soup)--see: soup Minestrone--see: soup Minoans, ancient Crete--see: Crete Mint 2003.11.12 Mint sauce & lamb--see: lamb Mints (candies)--see: candy Mirepoix 2005.05.17 FAQ Mississippi mud pie---see: pies Mitton 2006.12.31 Mixed grill 2006.03.18 Mixes, dry 2003.11.18 Mobby--see: alcoholic beverages Mocha [2] 2008.05.18 Mock turtle soup--see: soup (turtle) Mohluhkia (aka mulukia, muluhkiya) 2007.04.07 Motheglam--see: metheglin Mojitos (rum & lime juice) 2003.12.15 Molasses [2] 2003.01.14 Lick (a western US synonym for molasses) 2004.09.07 Moecular Gastronomy 2009.06.08 Moldy foods (incl. Cheese & yogurt) [9] 2004.02.29 see also: roquefort Molds (jelly, patee, cookies) [2] 2006.10.03 Mole sauce--see: sauces Mongolian firepot [aka Mongolian hotpot, Chinese steamboat] [4] 2004.03.05 Monkey bread--see: bread Monkey dish [6] 2004.02.11 Monkey nuts--see: nuts-peanuts Monosodium glutamate (MSG) [2] 2003.09.19 Mont Blanc (dessert) 2006.07.20 Monte Cristo sandwich--see: sandwiches Morel--see:Mushrooms Mother sauces--see: sauces "Motor picnics" (early 20th century automobile picnics)--see: picnics Movie concessions--see: Theater concessions Movies & food (food scenes, signficance, etc.) 2006.03.30 Moravian cookies & sugar cake 2002.04.05 Mohawk Indians--see: Native Americans, Iroquois Mostaccioli--see: cookies Mostarda--see: candy Moulard duck--see: duck Mountain oysters--see: Rocky Mountain oysters Mousse chocolate & white chocolate FAQ Harlequin, Rene Verdon, White House Chef Coobkook(recipe) 2007.12.19 (paper only, not transcribed) lemon 2004.11.08 Mousseline [2] 2006.02.22 Mozzeralla cheese & sticks--see: cheese Mr. Chips--see: cookies Mrs. Butterworth's brand 2003.11.02 Mrs. Butterworth-is she real? (No) 2003.02.21 Mrs. Paul's Clam Sticks--see: clams Mud pie--see:pies Muddy Buddies--see: puppy chow Mudega (steak or chicken)--see: steak Muffin game [baseball] 2006.03.03 Muisjes--see: candy Mulled beverages 2006.10.30 Munster (Meunster)--see: cheese Murder Mystery train menu [1925] 2004.01.08 Muffins [16] FAQ American [2] 2003.01.06 Blueberry [2] 2003.02.13 Bran [2] 2005.10.10 English [9] FAQ English--Thomas' 2003.07.08 Importance of Being Earnest (Wilde) 2005.03.19 Jordan Marsh 2003.11.17 Muffin man (muffin men) 2005.06.22 Muffin mix (corn, first) 2006.02.04 Old German 2003.07.19 Mulberries 2007.11.11 Mulligatawny soup--see: soups Mushrooms [8] 2004.09.07 ADDED TO FAQ B in B (aka B&B)--uspto=general mills, live, not on web site as current brand Morel 2009.02.21 Portobello & cremini [3] 2004.01.10 Stuffed mushrooms [5] 2005.05.05 Truffles [6] 2005.12.06 Musk melons--see: curcurbits Muslim foods & taboos--see: religion & food Mustard [5] 2005.01.19 Mustard greens--see: greens Musubi--see: rice Mutton & mint sauce 2003.08.04 Muttonbird (New Zealand) 2008.08.03 Mystery chef 2000.12.31 Nacho cheese see: cheese-nacho Nachos [4] 2003.07.30 Name blanco--see: yams Nanny's tea--see: tea Nantua sauce--see: sauces Napa cabbage--see: cabbage Napoleons [12] FAQ Nard/spikenard 2003.01.06 Nashville TN cuisine--see: Countries U.S. Nasi goreng [2] 2003.11.01 Nasi lemak [2] 2000.05.08 Nasturtiums (flowers) 2005.07.14 National Cake Day--see: National Food Days National dishes (Europe/list) 2004.06.13 National food days (sources) 2000.06.15 National Sandwich Day--see: sandwiches-National Sandwich Month National Sandwich Month--see: sandwiches--National Sandwich Month Native American eating utensils see: utensils Native American food (general history & timeline sources) [2] 2005.01.07 Native Americans Algonquin (Algonkin, Ottowa) 2006.06.23 Apache 2009.01.13 Arawak/Taino subsistence 2003.10.18 Arikara 2004.11.15 Cherokee 2009.02.09 Chippewa Ojibwe--see: dogs Fire--see: fire making Iroquois Indians/Mohawk Indians [6] 2003.11.13 Cooking & eating utensils--see: utensils Lenape (aka Delaware) [2] 2005.05.12 Lakota 2005.05.08 Navajo [3] 2003.11.02 Navajo fry bread FAQ (sopaipillas) Northwest tribes 2006.09.07 Osage 2005.01.05 Seafood cookery 2006.02.14 Natural food 2006.06.19 Navajo foods--see: Native Americans Navarin 2005.04.28 Navy food 2002.01.27 Neapolitan ice cream-see: ice cream Needham's--see: candy-potato Nefla soup--see: soups-knoefla Neptune salad--see: salads Nesselrode [3] 2004.02.25 ice cream manufacturers 2000.10.10 Neufchatel--see: cheese New England Boiled Dinner [2] 2004.11.12 New England clam chowder --see: soups New Iberia--see: countries, USA, Louisiana New Manhattan salad-see: salads: Waldorf Crown Salad New World foods/Columbian exchange [5] FAQ (2a) New Year's Day--see: holidays New York Times: food sections & columns 2006.08.30 New Zealand spinach 2002.03.24 Newlyweds--see: cookies Nicoise 2005.10.10 Nigella Sativa--see: cumin, black cumin Night shade fruit 2004.01.08 Nikujaga 2006.04.19 No-bake cookies 2003.10.14 No-Cal--see: soda pop, diet soda Noisette (butter) 2007.02.06 Nomad foods 2002.09.07 Non-dairy whipped topping 2003.11.20 Nonya--see: countries, Malaysia Noodles--see: pasta Noodles Italiano--see: pasta Nooning, Noons, Nuncheon 1002.10.15 Nopales (nopals)--see: cactus-prickly pear Nori--see: algae Nougat--see: candy Nouric--see: baby food Nouvelle cuisine 2003.03.26 Novelty foods--see:ice cream Nutbread-see: cake Nutella--see:chocolate Nutmeg 2007.02.20 whole vs. ground (equivalencies) 2007.02.26 Nutramigen--see: baby food Nutri-grain bars 2004.02.28 Nutrition-general 2002.04.01 Nutrition history [2] 2002.04.11 Renaissance dietary theories & practice (Galen/humors) [2] 2005.01.18 Research sources (academic) 2004.01.14 Nuts Acorns 2007.10.21 Almonds [3] FAQ China 2009.190.27 sugared--see: candy (pralines) U.S. production regulations 2002.08.28 Cashews [4] 2004.10.30 Chestnuts [2] 2004.11.23 Hickory 2003.10.16 Holiday giving--see: Holidays Nut oils--see:oils Peanut butter [5] FAQ Decadent peanut butter pie--see: pies Fudge--see: candy Jumbo Peanut Butter (Frank Tea & Spice Company) 200.9.3.02 # Peanuts to make 2002.08.31 Peanut butter roll 2003.09.25 Peanuts Franklin Peanuts (VA) 2008.08.03 George Washington Carver 2003.11.03 Louis XVI France 2004.12.27 Monkey nuts (why called?) 2005.10.31 1950s-60s 2004.03.23 Pecans--see: pecan pie FAQ Smith Club sale, NYT article 2003.08.21 Pistachios 2002.12.03 18th century 2003.06.02 Walnuts [4] 2002.12.23 O'Brien--see: potatoes Oatcakes--see: cakes see also: Sowens, bread-bannock Oatmeal--see Oatmeal cookies FAQ Oatmeal cookies--see:cookies Octli--see: pulque Oils [2] 2002.09.16 Canola oil [3] 2007.04.17 Chef oil 2008.04.17 Colonial American era [4] 2004.02.18 Corn 2003.11.04 hydrogenated 2003.07.31 hydrogentated soybean 2000.12.19 India [2] 2008.04.05 Nut oils 2003.12.02 Olive [4] 2003.10.12 olive oil in USA (first importers) [2] 2006.08.30 peanut oil [2] 2007.04.17 soybean 2009.10.29 vegetable [2] 2002.02.12 Vegetables shortening 2005.02.27 Okra FAQ Old Bay seasoning [2] 2005.05.19 Old German muffins--see: muffins Old Tyme Jamaican Ginger Beer 2008.01.07 Olivenaise (spread) [5] 2004.10.06 Olives see also: oils, olive 2003.03.21 Spain 2004.07.07 Stuffed with pimiento 2006.04.05 Olympic foods (Ancient Greece)--see link from food1.html: 2004 (National Georaphic) Omelettes--see: eggs Onglet (French beef cut) 2002.03.02 Onions [2] 2002.02.12 Blooming 2004.10.06 Coffee & raw onions (connection) 2005.02.24 Creamed [2] 2003.11.22 Onion rings 2006.02.27 Research sources 2004.12.28 whole fried 2001.12.04 Opera cake--see: cake Opera creams--see: candy Opo squash--see: squash Orange foole 2000.10.15 Orange juice [5] 2004.06.26 Golden Tap brand 2008.07.10 Kraft product 2007.04.26 Packaging (Tropicana, bottles & cartons) 2007.10.22 Orange Julius 2004.12.01 Orange peel, candied--see: candy Oranges [6] (includes oranges as gifts for Christmas) [2] 2005.10.09 Mandarin 2006.11.01 Mandarin orange salad--see: salads Oranges-prices 1850s 2002.06.24 Orangina (beverage) 2005.05.07 Oregano 2005.11.16 Oregon Trail foods 2003.08.31 Organic foods [2] 2004.05.02 lesson plans 2004.02.08 Orgeat (beverage) 2007.01.07 Orizo pasta (orzo?) [2] 2002.10.04 Osage Indians--see: Native Americans Oscar--see: veal oscar Osgood pies--see: pies Osso Bucco [4] 2004.09.18 Ovaltine 2006.07.08 Ovens 2005.05.18 Bread, 1660 England 2009.04 25 Hebrew [2] 2006.10.29 Pit ovens [earth ovens] 2009.05.06 Oxtails (braised & soup) [2] 2003.12.03 Oyster beef--see: beef Oyster crackers--see: crackers Oyster cultivation/Napoleon 2004.06.09 Oyster stuffing--see: oysters Oysters 2008.10.21 (+ FAQ/USA) America 2005.03.17 Angels on Horseback (see also: Pigs in Blankets) [3] 2006.09.10 Britain [2] 2008.10.21 fried oysters & chicken salad (Philadelphia/South New Jersey) [2] 2008.07.28 Oyster & pork dinners--see: pork Oysters Kirkpatrick [2] 2007.03.07 Oysters Rockefeller 2005.05.24 Pepys (17th century England)--see: famous people: Pepys scalloped [4] 2004.11.19 stuffing 2005.03.17 Ozark pudding--see: pudding Pablum (baby food invented in Toronto) [2] 2005.03.10 Pabst-ett (cheese)--see: cheese Paczki-see: doughnuts Pain au chocolate--see: bread Pain au lait--see: bread Pain au levain--see: bread Pain de campagne--see: bread Paj Bhaji (aka pao baji, bajji) 2006.04.04 [Bombay Mumbai street snack] Palak--see: spinach Palate cleansers 2004.12.07 Palestine (Jerusalem artichoke) soup--see: soup Palmiers see: Elephant ears Pan de sal (salt bread)--see: bread Pan di Spagna (sponge cake) FAQ Pan Pack (aka Pan Pak--snack from Pan Pacific Exposition 1915, San Francisco, referenced by Laura Ingalls Wilder] [2] 2007.10.29 & 2008.07.28 Pan Pizza--see: pizza Panada (panata) 2007.02.28 Pancakes & crepes (see also: idli & dosa) [71] FAQ Appam (India) 2006.10.08 Blintz & blini [2] 2005.05.24 Chinese 2006.12.01 Crepes Suzette 2003.09.19 Dutch babies 2009.05.26 Flapjacks 2004.04.19 German (apple) 2003.12.17 German (potato): see: potatoes Hotcakes 2009.07.18 (added to Ploye (Canadian/Acadian) 2007.12.29 Poffertjes (Dutch) [2] 2004.02.04 & syrup 2003.06.28 Pancake syrup (imitation maple)--see: syrups Silver dollar pancakes 2004.05.04 stack & short stack-definition 2002.12.31 Swedish [3] 2003.11.09 Pancetta--see: sausages Panettone--see: bread Panforte--see: bread Panini sandwich--see: sandwiches Panko (Japanese bread crumbs)--see: bread Pannacotta--see:pudding Panzanella--see: salads Pap (infant food) 2009.09.01 Papalo (Mexican herb) 2006.11.14 Papaya (Meat tenderizer)--see: meats-tenderizers Paper bag cookery--see: papillote Paper cups--see: food packaging Papillote (en papillote) 2006.10.23 Paprika (Hungarian) [4] 2005.01.17 see also: goulash Parata/paratha--see: sandwiches Parboiling & boiling 2003.10.15 Parfait--see: ice cream Parker House rolls--see:breads Parkin--see: gingerbread Parmesian (chicken, feal)--see: chicken Parmigiana (chicken, veal)--see: chicken Parsley [2] 2005.02.05 Parsnip 2006.11.06 Parson's salad--see: salad Party favors 2007.06.22 Paskhas--see: cake Passion fruit 2004.08.07 Pasta (general) FAQ Egg pasta 2006.12.31 Fideo 2006.10.01 Fresh pasta 2006.12.31 Garlic Pastasciutta 2005.11.16 Laksa [3] 2004.08.13 Lasagne FAQ Inside out 2005.02.25 Mexican lasagne 2007.05.30 Pastichio (Greek style) 2004.03.23 Skillet lasagne 2005.01.06 Macaroni 2003.11.03 Difference between macaroni & pasta (definintions) 2003.08.24 1820s--shapes & color 2003.10.13 Kraft 2004.01.27 macaroni & cheese FAQ Macaroni salad--see: salads-pasta salad Makarounes Tis Kissou (Greek) 2008.01.01 Manicotti [4] 2005.10.06 Multicultural examples (pasta from different cuisines/countries) 2008.07.19 Noodles chilled 2005.10.19 crossing the bridge (China) [2] 2004.11.04 Kartoffelschnitz and spatzel (German) 2007.09.08 Lo mein (use noodle notes from crossing the bridge) Noodle bars [2] 2003.09.08 Noodles Italiano (Betty Crocker box mix) 2009.10.09 Noodles Napoli 2008.11.02 Schnupf noodles 2006.02.20 Singapore [2] 2004.10.23 Pasta salad--see: salads--pasta salad Penne alla Arrabiata 2005.11.16 Penne alla vodka--see: sauces-vodka Ravioli [12] FAQ Ravioli +chemistry & manufact. process 2000.11.13 Toasted ravioli (St. Louis) 2004.10.20 Spaghetti FAQ Bolognaise & carbonara [7] 2003.11.01 canned 2002.09.04 canned (Spaghettios) 2007.08.30 commericalization 2002.10.14 Spaghettios 2006.10.04 Tortellini--see also: ravioli 2003.10.25 Vermicelli 2003.02.07 Whole wheat 2005.05.05 Ziti 2005.04.22 Pasta dura--see: bread Pastel de Maiz 2006.11.02 Pastelitos (Venezuela) 2003.07.25 Pastichio--see: lasagne Pasties 2003.11.16 Pastillage 2009.05.05 Pastourma & pastrami 2006.03.13 Pastry (general) [20] FAQ American 2003.09.23 European 2003.09.25 French choux & puff pastry [14] FAQ Puff paste--incorporation/lock in methods 2005.01.08 reverse puff paste (inversee) 2008.02.10 Sfogliatella (aka lobster tails, Santa Rosa) 2005.01.24 Sweden 2004.10.17 Pastry bags [5] 2005.02.08 Pastry boxes, pink [6] 2004.09.17 Pastry brushes 2008.04.21 Pastry chef career information 2005.04.11 origins (Patissier) [4] 2004.04.18 Pastry cutters 2004.07.08 Pastry v. doughnuts (defninitions & differeneces) 2009.05.14 Patagonian toothfish--see: Chilean sea bass Pate Brisee (see: FAQ short crust pastry/puff paste] Pate Chinois--see: shepherd's pie Pate, terrines... [13] 2004.02.24 Patty cakes--see: patty pans Patty melts--see: sandwiches Patty pans [5] 2005.02.03 Paupiettes [3] 2004.03.18 Pavlova--see: cakes Pea sprouts--see: sprouts Peaches [3] 2005.04.25 cobbler--see: pies-cobbler Charlotte 2003.03.21 Peach Melba [3] 2003.12.23 Peach pickles 204.04.27 Pie, Texas see: pie, peach Peace--foods that symbolize 2001.09.14 Peacock 2004.09.05 Peameal bacon--see: bacon Peanut brittle--see: candy-brittle Peanut butter--see: nuts-peanut butter Peanut oil--see: oils Peanuts--see: nuts Pearmania (19th century New England) 2005.03.18 Pears [5] 2004.10.31 Belle Helene [6] 2003.06.17 Bosc 2003.09.22 Howell variety 2001.07.12 Medieval 2004.03.08 Pears in wine [2] 2004.06.04 Peas Black (Bonfire Night recipe) 2003.11.07 Mushy--see: pease porridge Pigeon peas (aka black eyed peas, cowpeas) [2] 2006.01.19 salad (Jefferson/colonial era--see: famous people-Jefferson Peasant food, 16th century Europe 2002.12.09 Peasant tarts--see: pies Pease porridge [8] FAQ Pecans--see: nuts Peccary (New World pig-like animal) 2009.01.09 (added info to maya.html) Peking duck--see: duck Pemmican [Lewis & Clark] [2] 2002.04.01 Penne alla vodka--see: sauces-vodka Penny, Prudence (pseudonym cookook author--several authors) [3] 2004.01.05 Penny loaf--see: bread Penuche--see: candy Pepper (black, white, green & pink) [7] 2003.12.14 Pepe (Cameroon) 2009.01.24 Pepper mills [2] 2003.12.14 Pepper pot [2] 2006.11.1 Pepper steak--see: steak Peppermint--see: mint Pepperidge Farm Goldfish--see: crackers Pepperoni--see: sausage Pepperpot soup--see: soup Peppers [Capsicum] (+UK intro) [2] 2004.01.09 FAQ Aztec preservation methods 2009.07.12 Bell [6] 2004.09.26 Bell, stuffed 2003.10.07 Big Jim 2006.09.11 Cayenne 2006.05.01 cheese stuffed (recipe) 2002.10.19 Chile rellenos (stuffed peppers...pork or beef) 2005.11.09 Chipotle [3] 2004.02.22 Colonial America 2005.08.03 (added to FAQ) Pickled--see: pickles Red, roasted 2003.12.02 Sandia 2006.09.11 Pepsi cola 2007.10.21 Perfection salad--see: salads Periwinkles--see: sea snails Pernod (& Pernod sauce)--see: sauces Persians (doughnuts from Thunder Bay, Ontario)--see: doughnuts Persimmons [3] 2003.06.29 Personal chef--see: chefs Pesto--see: sauce Petits fours (& mignardise) [7] 2004.03.04 pH of foods [2] 2003.09.05 Pheasant 2008.03.22 Roman Britian 2004.05.22 Phoenceian food--see: countries Phyllo---see filo dough Piccata (veal or chicken) [3] 2005.09.21 Picante sauce (piquant)--see: sauce Picadillo 2005.12.10 Piccalilli [6] 2004.05.17 Pickled eggs--see: eggs Pickled limes--see: limes Pickles [8] FAQ bread and butter pickles 2007.12.20 cinnamon 2007.08.15 cucumbers in Ancient Egypt FAQ deep fried 2002.11.15 Kool aid pickles 2007.06.17 (added to FT) Military pickle 2009.02.16 Peach--see: peaches Pickle Roll ups 2008.08.20 Pickled limes FAQ Pickled peppers FAQ Why served with sandwiches? [2] 2006.07.24 Picnic ham--see: ham Picnics FAQ automobile (early 20th century) 2003.10.15 German-American (late 19th/early 20th century) 2009.05.23 Jane Austen's England (late 18th/early 19th centuries) 2009.06.05 Swiss picnic 2009.05.24 Pico de gallo--see: salsa Pictures of food [5] FAQ Pie [16] see also: tarts, turnovers, pasties, pizza FAQ Pie shapes (round v oblong) 2004.10.08 Angel pie 2006.07.22 Apple [19] FAQ 8th century (Byzantium & Medieval) 2003.08.21 & cherry--famous people/recipes 2002.05.22 apple crisp & apple brown betty [8] 2004.07.18 apple pie & hot dogs (symbolic American foods)--see: hot doge Mock [2] FAQ with cheddar cheese [3] FAQ Australian meat pies 2004.02.08 bakers-famous 2002.01.29 Bakewell tart (aka Bakewell pudding) 2005.07.08 Banana cream [8] 2003.07.17 Banoffee pie (banana toffee) 2005.04.18 Belesh (Tartarstan meat pie) 2008.01.15 Black walnut 2004.01.10 Borek [2] 2004.11.06 Butter tarts 2003.10.12 Buttermilk pie (includes notes on buttermilk) [5] 2005.08.12 Boston cream pie [4] FAQ Cape Breton pork [5] FAQ Carmel Pecan Pie (recipe0 2008.11.07 Cherry [2] 2005.09.26 Cheshire pork pie 2007.04.02 Chess pie (aka sugar pie--with white sugar) [11] FAQ Chiffon pie [2] 2006.12.10 Cobbler [9] FAQ Coconut cream [3] 2004.09.15 Coconut cream w/bisquick crust 2004.01.19 Cottage pie (aka Shepherd's pie) FAQ Cracker 2004.06.22 Cream 2003.08.07 Crumble [4] 2003.11.18 Custard 2002.12.11 Decadent peanut butter pie 2006.11.08 Derby--see: Kentucky Derby Dock pie 2006.11.02 Dowdy [2] 2005.09.22 Dutch apple [2] 2003.02.18 Egg pie 2002.12.11 Flapper 2004.03.13 Four and Twenty Blackbirds (baked in a pie) 2005.05.16 French silk [4] 2004.04.26 Fried pies [3] 2004.07.18 Frito pie 2006.04.28 Frozen pie crust [2] 2006.09.14 Fruit cocktail 2007.06.13 Gala pie 2007.07.08 German's chocolate pie (aka Southern chocolate pie_ 2005.12.30 Grape 2003.09.17 Grape hull (recipe) 2005.08.26 Grasshopper FAQ Green tomato see: tomatoes (fried green) Gypsy tart 2004.03.14 Historic pictures of women making pie 2003.03.28 Homity [2] 2004.06.13 Ice box pie--see: refrigerator pie Impossible (crust & filling mixed together, crust forms on bottom; filling rises to top) [5] 2005.06.27 Innkeeper's pie (colonial innkeepers pie) 2004.05.19 Kentucky Derby [3] 2001.04.16 Key lime [33] FAQ Kiss torte--see: Angel pie Kit Kat pies 2006.08.23 (paper only) Kool Aid pie 2004.10.21 Leftover pie 2008.05.14 Lemon meringue [12] FAQ Lemon pot pie 2003.11.25 Marjoram (New Netherlands) 2004.05.01 Martha Washington pie (like Boston Cream Pie) 2007.10.25 Meat pies (Australia) [2] 2004.07.15 Mincemeat/mince [3] FAQ Mud [8] FAQ Nesselrode--see: nesselrode Osgood (Oh so good) 2005.08.01 Peach, Texas [3] 2004.03.16 Peasant tarts 2004.08.08 Pecan [7] FAQ Pie & Mash (with parsley liquor) UK 2007.08.30 Piggy pie (UK. 18th C.) 2008.05.30 Pork FAQ Portable (calzones, empanadas, pasties etc.) [9] FAQ Pot pie [7] FAQ frozen pot pie [2] 2005.09.25---added to FAQ Potato Peel Pie (from The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society) 2008.10.13 Pumpkin [10] FAQ colonial with custard baked inside 2003.10.15 double crust (top crust) recipes 2009.05.14 pasties (Harry Potter) 2003.07.31 pilgrims 2000.11.20 Refrigerator pie 2007.11.02 (FAQ) Rhubarb crunch 2005.11.13 Sawdust Pie 2009.10.14 (see also: Japanese fruit cake) serving pie--point facing diner 2009.11.01 Shaker lemon pie [2] 2003.09.28 Shepherd's pie [34] FAQ Alternative spellings 2004.03.30 Chinese pie (see also: American Chop Suey) [3] 2004.03.31 Shoofly [3] 2000.11.15 Silk--see: French silk pie Stand pie (Yorkshire) [3] 2006.01.02 State specialties (official & unoffical) 2008.01.05 Steak & kidney [2] 2004.10.04 Storage (refrigerator) 2009.04.17 Sugar pie (aka chess pie) FAQ Sugar cream pie (Indiana state foods) 2001.12.23 Sweet potato pie [4] FAQ sweet potato pecan pie 2007.10.15 Tamale FAQ (foodmexican, tamales) Tarts [6] FAQ Apple and orange (Tudor) 2004.10.08 Egg tarts (Hong Kong) 2005.11.13 French tarts [3] 2005.05.07 Pear 2004.10.24 Raspberry 2003.03.21 Taffy 2007.10.23 Tart tatin [2] 2002.01.22 Tomato & Cantal 2005.11.17 Virgin Islands (coconut, guava & pineapple) 2004.07.14 Toronto 2004.04.28 Trap 2003.09.13 Vinegar (& vinegar pie crust) [4] 2004.02.22 Pie carts (New Zealand) 2005.10.22 Pie crusts-lattice [2] 2003.04.08 Pie O My brand mixes--see: Py-O-My Pie plant--see: rhubarb Pie vents (aka blackbirds) 2006.08.17 Piemontaise--see: gnocchi piemontaise Pierogi 2003.02.10 Pigeon & squab 2008.10.09 Pigeon peas--see: peas Piggy pie--see: pie Pignoli--see: pine nuts Pigs in blankets [8] 2004.02.27 Pilaf--see:rice Pilonchio (pillonchio) see: sugar Pilot--see: crackers Piment d'Esplette (Basque chilies) 2005.02.04 Pine bark stew--see: stew Pine nuts (aka pignoli, pinyon) 2008.04.06 Pineapples [6] 2003.09.21 Culinary uses (global, historical survey..includes grilled pineapple) 2007.10.10 European introduction [2] 2005.11.01 how to cut? 2001.11.17 Upside-down cake--see cake Pinwheel sandwiches--see: sandwiches Pioneer foods--see: Countries, United States, Oregon Trail/pioneer foods Piping bags--see: pastry bags Pirate foods [2] 2005.07.17 Pissaladiere--see: pizza Pistachio ice cream--see: ice cream-pistachio Pistachio salad--see salad (Watergate salad) Pistachios--see: nuts Pistou--see: sauce (Pesto) Pit Beef--see: beef Pit ovens--see: ovens Pita bread--see: bread Pithiviers--see: cake Pittsburgh-style (meat) 2003.09.12 Pizza [55] FAQ Canada 2003.10.15 Baja 2003.06.09 Chicago (deep dish) FAQ Finland 2003.10.07 Frozen 2007.10.30 (added to FAQ) Euphrates frozen pizza 2008.02.17 Kosher 2003.02.11 New York style [4] FAQ Pan pizza 2005.09.27 Pie Iron pizza 2004.03.31 Pissaladiere (France/Provence/Nice) [2] FAQ 2006.02.17 Pizza cutters 2007.06.19 Pizza delivery service (first) added to FAQ Pizza Rustica (Italian Easter Pie with ricotta) 2007.02.11 Slices 2005.01.27 Spread (Libby's) 2003.02.06 Take-out/boxes 2004.06.04 Pizzelle--see: cookies Plank (a la plancha) cooking method 2007.05.10 Plantains [4] 2004.04.18 fried plantains 2003.04.29 Plaza Hotel, Pierre Lafage (chef) 2002.10.08 Play--good food for historic skit (haggis, etc.) 2003.03.31 Plaza Hotel (NYC)--see: restaurants Plee-Zing food company & brands 2008.08.11 Plovers--see: birds (shore) Ploye--see: pancakes Plum [6] 2004.04.05 Plum cake--see: cake Plum duff--see: pudding Poached eggs--see: eggs (includes general notes on poaching) Pocket foods (portable pies & wraps, etc.) [4] 2004.05.19 see also: stuffed leaves, dolma Pocket/portable soup--see: soup Pocky (Japanese dessert) 2009.10.04 Poffertjes--see: pancakes Poivrade --see:sauce Poke salad--see: pokeweed Pokeweed [2] 2006.06.26 Polenta--see: corn, polenta Polish food--18th century 2002.08.13 Pollo Aguiascalientes--see: chicken "Polly wants a cracker," see: crackers-Parrot brand Polynesian food--see: countries-Polynesia Pomegranates 2005.11.13 Pomme Berny (aka pomme de terre Berny)--see: potatoes Pontiere--see: restaurants Ponzu (ponsu)--see: sauce Pop Rock--see: candy Pop tarts [2] 2003.09.01 Pope, Antonette [2] 2003.09.05 Popcorn [7] 2004.01.12 balls--see: candy Breakfast cereal 2005.10.11 Caramel corn (karmel korn) --see: candy, popcorn balls Jiffy Pop 2004.12.10 prices in 1982 (antitrust) 2002.11.13 TV Time 2006.10.10 Popovers (& Yorkshire pudding) [3] FAQ Poppy seeds (& ancient recipes) 2004.04.10 Poppy seed cake--see: cakes Popsicles--see: ice cream Porchetta--see: pork Porcupine 2009.11.11 Porcupine meatballs/meatloaf (beef)--see: meatloaf Pore soles (poorsouls) Cajun Louisiana 2005.11.12 Pork Baby back ribs [2] 2004.11.11 Char su 2003.09.05 Cueritos 2005.11.29 Hog fry 2006.07.24 Porchetta 2007.02.08 Pork & applesauce [2] FAQ 2002.05.03 Pork & bean salad (recipes) 2002.08.30 Pork & beans [2] FAQ Pork & oyster dinner (SE Pennsylvania) 2006.10.18 Pork & sauerkraut/New Years tradition [2] 2004.01.02 Pork cake--see: cakes-sausage Pork pies/Cape Breton--see: pie Pork preservation methods 2005.01.25 Pork tenderloin sandwich--see: sandwiches Rinds & skins (snack foods) 2004.02.25 Taboos--see: religion & food Trotters 2007.02.26 Word origin (English) 2007.09/30 Portobello mushrooms 2003.08.18 Portugal--see: countries Portugal--16th century cakes 2003.05.15 Portulaca--see: purslane Posole/Pozole [8] 2004.05.15 Postum (instant) 2005.03.26 Pot luck [4] 2004.02.08 Pot pie--see: pie Pot roast, Yankee--see: beef Potatoes American introduction (via Europe) [3] 2004.01.08 Anna [2] 2003.11.11 baked, stuffed 2002.07.25 baked, with sour cream 2007.03.25 Biarritz 2008.09.02 Boulangere 2006.05.26 bread--see: bread, potato candy --see: candy Chantilly potatoes 2007.05.03 Cheesy 2004.10.04 chips [10] 2004.10.18 Barbecue flavored 2006.08.27 Bags (packaging) 2005.09.23 Crisps (extruded potato chips) 2003.09.28 First brand? 2004.04.14 Mad Hatter brand 2003.09.22 Old Dutch brand [3] 2004.03.24 Vita Boy brand 2000.02.19 Civil war, north & south [white potatoes & Irish potatoes] 2008.04.28 Delmonico potatoes 2008.03.31 Duchess 2005.04.22 English introduction [4] 2004.01.04 European introduction 2003.10.02 Fondant 2005.04.19 French fries [7] 2003.04.13 chili cheese fries [2] 2007.01.20 frozen french fries [3] 2004.07.18 gravy fries (aka: wet fries, dirty fries) 2008.11.08 INCLUDES POUTINE NOTES fried 2003.07.19 gnocchi [6] 2004.02.04 added to dumpling FAQ gnocchi piemontaise 2009.09.21 hashbrowns 2003.03.19 Hash brown caserole--see: casseroles hasselback (Sweden) 2003.02.18 Homefries 2005.01.14 India 2008.10.29 instant [3] 2007.03.30 Irish potato soup see: soups Llapingachos (Ecuador) [2] 2003.11.16 Long branch 2006.01.10 Lyonnaise [2] 2005.02.02 Madras 2006.03.28 Maine 2003.09.22 Mashed [12] 2004.11.25 Mashed & stuffed [3] 2004.03.25 O'Brien (O'Brian) 2006.12.11 New York State (first introduction/Irish white) 2009.07.21 Pancakes German (potato) [7] 2003.11.09 Latkes (why for Chanukah?) [4] 2003.12.10 Lefse [2] 2007.03.12 Pine Log Potato (not found) 2008.06.09 Pomme Berny 2005.05.15 Potato bars (in restaurants) 2005.12.21 Potato souffle--see: souffle potatoes Riced potatoes (aka rice potatoes) 2005.10.09 Russia, introduction 2003.11.04 salad German--see: salads New York Style--see: salads Scalloped [3] 2003.11.09 snowflake 2002.11.25 souffle potatoes (twice deep fried) 11.21.2006 Spanish omelet--see: eggs, omelets Sticks 2004.06.02 Tater tots 2003.07.25 Uses/ways to cooke [2] 2004.06.03 Potassium (foods rich in) 2005.11.09 Pottage (see also pease porridge) 2003.04.24 Pottery earthenware or clay [Asia] 2006.10.23 Poultry on modern menus 2002.01.17 Pound cake--see: cake Pounded sugar--see: sugar Poussin--see: chicken 2003.07.20 Poutine [Quebec] 2002.01.22 Powdered sugar--see:sugar Pralines--see: candy Prawns--see: shrimp FAQ Pream--see: milk Pregestimil--see: baby food Preshistoric 2003.09.25 Preshistoric foods (happy meal) 2003.09.09 Preservation of food [11] 2004.08.10 see also: canned foods colonial times (includes notes on refrigeration & bean storage) [9] 2004.01.27 FAQ early 20th century 2003.10.15 Vikings [2] 2004.11.06 Preservatives in food [6] 2004.02.25 Preserves [2] 2000.02.20 Presidential food favorites FAQ influence on food 2009.03.22 Adams, John [3] 2005.03.26 Buchanan, James 2008.02.11 Coolidge, Calvin Chinese chef 2002.11.17 Soup incident 2007.10.31 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 2004.02.10 Garfield, James A. 2002.02.20 Grant, Ulysses S. 2008.11.03 Jackson, Andrew 2005.11.01 Jefferson, Thomas see also: 1770-1800: new foods introduced to America French fries 2003.08.26 ice cream [3] 2004.03.25 pea salad 2006.10.26 stuffed cabbage 2008.07.20 Kennedy, John F. Childhood food 2003.03.13 Chowder served to Canadian Prime Minister Pearson 2007.01.18 Christmas dinner 2003.05.24 Lincoln, Abraham [2] FAQ (food2a) Lincoln, Mary Todd FAQ (food2a) Madison, James & Dolley 2008.09.25 Nixon, Richard--banquet with Chairman Mao, 1972 2006.08.02 Roosevelt, Franklin, visit to Denton, MD Sept. 5, 1938 2008.08.20 Roosevelt, Theodore [4] 2004.02.07 Roosevelt (TR & FDR) Christmas menus 2003.05.29 Truman, Bess--stuffing recipe 2003.11 Tyler, John [3] 2005.10.18 Washington, George [2] 2004.03.28 First State Dinner (5.29.1789) 2008.09.26 Pretzels [9] 2004.07.12 Chinese pretzels--see: cookies Chocolate covered--see: candy Ice cream with pretzels--see: ice cream Prickly pear--see: cactus Primanti sandwiches--see: sandwiches Printaniere 2009.10.01 Primavera 2005.01.26 Private chefs--see: chefs Processed foods by date 2002.04.14 Proof of the pudding is in the eating--see: puddings Prosciutto [4] 2004.02.09 Profiteroles--see: cream puffs (FAQ) Provolone (provola) -see: cheese Prunes--see: plums Pu pu platters--see: appetizers Puck, Wolfgang (Food Network debut) 2007.04.23 Pudding--see also: flan, custard [7] FAQ Amazo 2007.06.13 Arroz con leche--see: rice pudding FAQ Banana [14] 2004.03.18 Batter--see: Yorkshire pudding Blackstone (from Blackstone Hotel, Chicago) (like nesselrode?) not found 2006.12.04 Blood or black pudding--see: sausage Bread pudding [12] FAQ New Orleans Bourbon Bread Pudding 2006.03.20 Caramel pudding 2001.01.05 Corn (aka Indian pudding) [4] FAQ Cheese 2004.03.29 Cherry (Medieval cherry pottage) 2006.04.05 Chocolate, (Horn & Hardart) 2003.11.23 Cocada (Mexican coconut custard) 2008.11.05 College 2005.02.07 Cottage [2] 2006.04.13 Cranberry 2008.11.29 Date 2005.08.31 Diplomat, includes Musso & Frank's recipe [3] 2004.01.24 Duff 2006.11.14 Duke of Cumberland's pudding--see: Eve's Pudding Eve's pudding 2004.06.30 Figgy 2006.04.02 Flummery [3] 2005.11.19 Frangipane [4] 2006.11.09 Hasty 11.25.06 (FAQ) Instant (Jell-O brand) 2003.07.28 Junket (aka rennet pudding) [2] 2003.06.25 Kheer (Indian rice pudding) 2003.02.18 Kre-Mel (Corn Products Refining Company) see: Duryea Starch Works Liver (North Carolina vs South Carolina) 2004.10.04 see also: livermush, gritwurst, goetta Marlboro 2002.04.12 Mixes 2002.02.25 Royal Brand with Magic Flavor Capsule (Key Lime & Lemon filling) 2009.10.28 Noodle (& kugel) [3] 2003.07.03 Ozark 2003.07.08 Pannacotta [7] 2003.11.14 Plum (aka Christmas) [2] FAQ Stir-Up Sunday (traditional day for making) 2004.10.26 Plums in plum pudding? 2001.12.31 Proof of the pudding is in the eating (origin & use) 2007.08.25 Pudding bags 2005.01.26 Queen of puddings (Queen's pudding) [2] 2005.01.05 Rennet custard (aka Junket) 2003.06.25 Rice [34] FAQ Wild rice (Native American) 2005.11.02 Spotted dick 2003.10.26 Sticky toffee pudding [2] 2005.08.30 Summer [4] FAQ Tapioca (& cassava) [9] FAQ Whip'n Chill (Kraft, 1960s, mousse-like dessert) [2] 2004.08.02 White pudding (aka hog's pudding) see:sausages Woodford pudding--see: cakes-jam cake Yorkshire (& popovers) [3] FAQ With powdered eggs (WWII) 2005.01.10 Pueblo (Native American) food [2] 2003.10.03 Puff paste see: pastry (French) Pulgiese (bread) see: bread Pulque (aka octli , uctli) [3] 2005.10.25 Pulse crops--see: beans Pumpernickel--see: bread Pumpkin bread--see: cake Pumpkin pasties/pie--see: pie Pumpkin soup:--see: soup Punch (rum, fishhouse)--see: alcoholic beverages Pupeton (Poulpeton, pulpeton) 2007.07.12 Puppies--see: dogs Puppy chow (children's snack food by Kellogg's) [8] 2005.03.03 Pupusas (El Salvador) 2006.01.17 Puris (aka poori, puri)--see: bread Purslane (aka portulaca) 2004.06.30 Py-O-My baking mixes (aka Pie-O-My) 2006.3.26 Qata'if --see: Kadayif Quaker Crackles (cereal) 2003.03.04 Quail [2] 2003.12.10 Quantity cookery (general resources for formulas & amounts) 2008.09.08 Quark--see: cheese Queen cake--see: cakes Queen Emma cake--see: cake Queen of puddings (aka Queen pudding)--see: puddings Queen of Sheba cake--see: cakes Quesadillas [9] FAQ Quiche & quiche Lorraine [7] FAQ Quidi Vidi steak sauce--see:sauces Quimbolitos 2005.03.30 Quinces [3] 2002.01.07 Quinoa [5] 2003.09.30 QUXYZ foods (starting with these letters) [10] FAQ Rabbits (including rabbit stew) [2] 2004.06.04 Radicchio 2004.12.20 Ragout--see: stew Ragu--see: tomato gravy FAQ Raisins 2002.02.28 how made from grapes (current) 2008.04.29 UK, early 20th century (& currants, sultanas) 2007.08.27 Railroad dining [4] 2007.07.29 Railroad menus-Britain 1925 2004.01.08 Railroad sandwiches (O. Henry, Witche's Loaves reference) 2008.07.10 Rajas 2005.12.10 Ramekin 2006.01.23 Ramp (wild leeks) 2005.01.25 Ranch dressing 2000.12.08 Ranch style chicken--see: chicken 2000.11.29 Rancho brand soup-see: soups Raspberrry tarts--see: pies Ratafia (beverage) [2] 2006.06.12 Ratatouille (why named) 2005.09.17 Ratpack parties [2] 2005.08.10 Ravioli--see: pasta Raw Apple Cake--see: cakes Raw foodists history [2] 2002.05.30 RDAs 2000.03.13 Ready-meals (meals to go, UK) 2004.05.25 Real people or brand names? 2001.05.27 Recipes copyright/intellectual property/borrowing traditions (historic examples) 2006.11.21 first recorded see also: cookbooks, ancient FAQ (Mesopotamia) interpretation/adaptation 2000.11.15 Internet first 2007.04.22 current number 2007.04.22 Receipt (usage) [2] 2005.07.11 Sources for study 2006.08.02 standardized measures--see: measurements Structure (ingredients lists, headnotes) [17] 2005.10.07 Red peppers--see:peppers Red wine sauce--see: sauce Redbones foodways (Louisiana people) 2004.07.22 Reddi Whip 2001.02.25 Reform Club & Alexis Soyer [2] 2003.09.02 Refrigeration--see: preservation of food Refrigerator biscuits--see: dough-refrigerator Refrigerator cookies--see: cookies Reindeer tongues 2002.09.27 Releve [3] 2004.11.13 Religion & food (including taboos) Beverages 1st century (Bible) 2005.02.19 Christian Bible/New Testament-Jesus [19] 2004.02.16 Confucius (551BC-479BC)--feasts, foods & philosophy [4] 2004.05.13 Hindu food taboos 2004.11.01 Islamic/Muslim traditions [2] 2004.01.06 Halal & Haram 2004.11.20 Eid 2008.05.13 Jewish foods, general [3] 2003.10.22 Ancient Hebrews, food taboos [2] 2004.01.02 Ashkenazi cuisine 2007.10.14 Bible/Old Testament 2003.12.14 Jewish-American foodways 2009.06.15 Jewish rye bread--see: bread-rye Hebrew traditions 2002.19.02 Kosher [2] 2004.04.01 Kosher butchering in USA 2007.07.29 Kosher kitchens, 19th century Europe 2008.06.14 Kosher salt 2005.04.15 taboos (General) [2] 2002.10.04 Fish 2005.01.16 Pork [2] 2002.04.08 Voodoo (Vodun) 2005.11.12 Relish [2] 2004.05.02 Relish trays [2] 2004.11.15 Remoulade sauce--see: sauce Remove--see: releve Renaissance Italy 2003.04.20 Restaurants [4] FAQ America-drive-ins 2002.11.09 Australia (first) 2007.09.19 Automats 2000.09.13 Bistros 2004.02.16 Cafeterias 2008.02.29 Chefs' Table 2009.10.14 (key articles scanned) Chock Full O'Nuts 2004.01.10 Coffee houses (18th century) 2007.01.14 Delicatessens [6] 2003.10.29 Delmonico's menus...see Food 1 & Delmonico's/Lately Thomas (1837 menu & selected bills of fare) Dugan Brothers (NYC bakery) 2009.06.13 Ebinger's (Brooklyn bakery) 2009.06.13 Exchange Buffet (NYC)--use NYT Historic. Company obit= 11.9.63 "Cafeterias Built on Honesty Fail" Family owned (oldest, U.S.) Antoine's 2005.08.25 France Chinese take out in Paris 2007.06.08 18th century (first) [3] 2003.11.02 Golden Steer (NYC & NJ) 2007.06.06 Hoagy's Corner Deli 2007.11.17 Howard Johnson's chicken croquettes--see: chicken Industry research sources [2] 2005.11.07 Italian, first in USA 2003.11.02 Japanese, first in USA 2006.12.01 Korean, NYC area 2005.05.26 Le St. Germain, 2955 Melrose Ave, Los Angles [later Patina] 2009.09.04 London-foreign restaurants 2003.11.17 McDonalds in Moscow: history & menu 2006.01.31 Most popular menu items 2005.04.19 Musso & Frank's (Beverly Hills)--see: Pudding, Diplomat Patina, Los Angeles--see: Le St. Germain Plaza Hotel 2009.09.23 Pontiere (NYC restaurant) 2007.11.08 Prince Castle [Naperville IL] 2008.02.01 Road Kill Cafe (New England chain) 2003.04.17 Sambo's 2007.05.25 Salon de degustation 2008.03.27 Schrafft's (restaurant) [3] 2005.10.12 Smith's Pantry recipes [Port Huron MI] 2007.08.06 Steak houses [3] FAQ Statistics (prices, expenditures, frequency) 2006.03.07 Tad's (NYC, first to have personal microwave ovens on tables for patrons) 2009.01.11 "Take away" (take out) in Britain & Australia (19th century) [2] 2003.08.27 Thai restaurant USA (first) 2008.04.08 Top's Drive In (Virginia) 2007.07.10 Trader Vic's 2008.04.25 United States 1800-1830 2004.10.30 NYC 1850-1970 2001.05.22 Philadelphia 1870 2002.03.14 Vi's Pies (Newport Beach, CA) 2008.02.01 Waiters (waitstaff) 2006.05.26 Reubens--see: sandwiches Rhubarb [4] 2006.01.08 Ribbon candy--see: candy Ribbon sandwiches--see: sandwiches Rice [5] 2003.09.14 Asian, crust 2006.10.23 Basmati [2] 2004.01.25 brown [2] 2003.11.04 cakes, Korea 2004.09.29 Chelow (Persia) 2006.01.16 Crackers (Japanese senbei) 2004.03.03 fried rice/Austalia 2002.05.09 fried rice /chicken [4] FAQ Imperatrice 2006.07.20 Mexico [2] 2005.03.30 Musubi (Hawaii) 2005.04.18 noodles (mai faan) 2003.11.30 Pilaf [3] 2004.11.08 Pudding--see: pudding rice paper rolls (Vietnam) 2008.07.12 Risotto [5] 2003.11.14 Salad (molded)--see: salads Spanish rice (canned, USA) 2008.10.20 threshing/pre industrial 2003.10.12 United Kingdom (introductino) 2007.03.25 White (polished rice) 2003.09.14 Wild rice 2005.11.02 Rice Krispies treats [33] FAQ Rice pudding--see: pudding Riced potatoes--see: potatoes Rich's Department Store recipes (Altanta GA) 2003.12.12 Rigby, William O. (Candy maker) [2] 2004.07.17 Ring Dings (Drakes) 2002.01.09 Ripple cake--see: cakes Risotto--see: rice Rissole [2] 2005.03.20 Ritz crackers (Nabisco)--see: crackers Riverboats [steamboats] menus, Mississippi river 2006.02.24 Road Kill Cafe (New England chain)--see: restaurants 2003.04.17 Roast beef--see: beef Roast beef commercial--see: beef Roasting & braising [5] 2002.10.17 Robert sauce--see: sauces-Robert Robinson's infant food-see: baby food Rococco--see: cookies Rock cake (aka Rock biscuit)--see: cookies Rock candy--see: candy Rock lobster--see: lobster Rocket (arugula) 2005.10.09 Rocky Mountain oysters (aka Mountain oysters) 2006.02.25 Rocky Road ice cream--see: ice cream Roll-ups--see: sandwiches Roman Holiday--see: casseroles, Johnny Marzetti (spaghett casserole) Romanoff sauce (aka Romanov sauce)--see: sauces Romeo & Juliet (Shakespeare/Verona Italy) [2] 2004.04.30 Root beer [2] 2003.08.20 Root beer floats/Black cows--see: ice cream Roquefort--see: cheese Rose petals/hips (preserves) 2004.02.09 Rosemary (myths, quotes, sayings) [2] 2004.05.06 Rosewater [2] 2005.01.27 Rosquillos (Spanish dounghuts)--send dougnut FAQ Rosy Perfection Salad--see: salad Roti--see: bread Roulade [4] 2003.09.27 Roumania--see: countries Route 66 foodways--see: countries, United States Roux---see: sauces Royal Baking Powder Company--see: Royal Pudding Royal Dansk Luxury Wafers see: cookies Royal icing--FAQ (cake, icing) Royal Pudding [Baking Powder] Company 2009.08.26 Rugelach--see: cookies Rum balls--see: cookies Rum buns 2004.01.23 Rumaki 2004.02.19 Rush-bearer's Cake--see: Gingerbread, Grasmere Rusk--see: bread Russia--see: countries Russian salad--see: salads Russian salad dressing--see: salads Russian sheet cake--see: cake Russian tea cakes---see cookies Rutabagas (aka swedes) [6] 2004.03.18 Rye 2004.04.20 S.Q. (aka market price) 2009.01.04 Sabayon see: Zabiglione Sablage (ice cream & sorbet) 2006.06.29 Saccharin 2000.03.01 Tablets 2004.02.20 Sacher torte--see: cake Safe shipping of food 2001.06.26 Safety, food 2004.03.13 1950s issues & practices (USA) 2008.01.18 Saffron (& Saffron Walden) [2] 2006.08.31 Saganaki (Greece) 2005.08.26 Sage 2006.08.31 Saint Augustine, FL see: coutries, US, states Saint Honore cake--see: cake Saint Joseph's Day foods (Aka St. Giuseppe) 2006.01.17 Saint Timothy's coffee cake--see: cake Sailor Pilot--see: crackers Sake [2] 2006.01.25 Salad [3] FAQ 1950-2000: popular American choices 2006.01.11 Bologna salad 2009.02.10 Broccoli 2004.11.02 Caesar salad [5] FT link sent Carrifruit salad 2008.07.06 Chef's salad FAQ Chef's Salad vs. Cobb Salad: difference? added to foodsalad FAQ (Chef's) Chicken salad [3] 2005.02.23 Chinese chicken salad 2008.05.21 FAQ fried oysters & chicken salad--see: oysters chopped salads [2] 2000.11.21 Cobb [4] 2003.11.24 Crackers served with salad--see: crackers cucumber 2003.03.18 Edwardian era (1901-1910) 2005.03.28 egg salad--see: egg Flower--see: flowers, edible fruit salad [4] FAQ Greek [2] 2003.08.05 Green Goddess salad dressing [4] 2005.07.21 Grilled chicken 2005.06.02 Ham salad 2009.02.10 Hawaiian fruit salad 2005.11.15 Hearts of Lettuce--see: Iceberg wedge Iceberg wedge [3] 2004.09.14 Italy salad courses--why served after entree? 2008.01.22 Louis XIV [French 17th century] [2] FAQ Macaroni salad--see: salads-pasta salad Mandarin orange 2006.11.07 Mesclun [2] 2004.08.17 Neptune 2009.06.01 New Manhattan salad-see: Waldorf crown salad Panzanella 2004.07.28 Parson's salad 2009.01.11 Pasta salad 2006.05.11 Pea salad (Thomas Jefferson colonial era) see: Famous people-Jefferson Perfection [3] 2006.02.13 Poke salad--see: pokeweed Potato [10] (includes German & New York style) FAQ Romaine lettuce (1897) 2004.07.31 Rice salad (Ensalada de Arroz) molded 2006.03.21 Rosy perfection salad (Swingtown) 2008.07.14 Russian salad & Russian salad dressing 2005.04.30 salad bars [6] FAQ salad kits (aka bagged salads) 2008.11.13 Salmagundi [4] 2006.02.23 seafood/lobster 2003.08.18 seven layer salad 2009.07.29 Serving/mixing utensils 2005.05.12 spinach salad-warm dressing [4] 2001.01.05 sunomono (Japanese vinegar salad) 2006.09.19 sunshine (molded gelatine with carrots and pineapple) 2008.02.18 Tabouleh [3] 2004.05.19 taco salad [5] FAQ 2001.08.29 taffy apple 2003.06.03 three bean 2002.10.03 Tossed/mixed green 2003.08.18 Tuna salad [5] 2003.08.27 Turkey 2003.11.19 Waldorf crowns salad 2009.07.27 Waldorf salad 2002.02.04 Watergate [27] FAQ Joke 2003.11.27 Recipe from pre-1974? 2003.10.17 Wilted lettuce--see:spinach salad Salad dressing Asian-American FAQ Caesar 2008.01.21 Milani's 1890 2008.11.11 Miracle French (Kraft) 2007.12.13 Thousand Island 2006.06.27 Thousand Island dressing/Marie Rose 2003.07.15 White House brand (Girard's) [2] 2009.07.05 Salamander (kitchen utensil) [2] 2004.06.01 Salami--see: sausages Saleratus (baking soda/leavener) FAQ Salisbury steak 2003.03.29 Sally Lunn-see: cake Salmagundi (salmagundy)--see:salads Salmon (California) [2] 2001.08.20 Salmon cakes (gateaux de saumon) 2003.10.08 Salmon Rockefeller 2009.09.23 Salmonella 2005.02.07 Salsa [24] FAQ & tortillas 2002.10.31 Pico de gallo 2006.05.07 Pronunciation 2007.10.28 Salt [6] 2004.02.02 17th-18th century (how sold, prepared, served) 2008.07.23 & baking (cake, bread,pastry) 2007.09.17 & pepper shaker holes 2001.12.10 & pepper shakers on tables 2006.08.01 (see pages attached to question) Kosher vs. Sea salt 2005.04.15 Hallstatt 2003.10.22 mills 2002.02.28 Salt boxes (storage) 2007.11.14 Saltpeter (saltpetre) 2005.04.14 Smoked salt 2006.02.15 water taffy--see: candy Salt rising bread--see: bread Saltines--see: crackers Salvador food--see: countries-Salvador Saltpeter--see: salt Sambal sauce--see: sauces Sambo's (restaurant chain) see: restaurants Samosas (aka sanbosag, sanbusaq) [4] 2004.02.25 Samp (cornmeal mush) 2003.02.19 San Antonio cuisine--see: Countries, U.S.-Texas Sand Cake--see: cakes Sand tarts--see: cookies Sandwich cakes--see:cookies Sandwiches [22] FAQ American history/role 2003.11.03 BLT FAQ Beef on Weck (Buffalo, NY specialty) 2008.08.21 Chivito (Uruguay) 2007.07.05 Club [9] FAQ Commercial (aka Hot Beef, Beef Manhattan; aka hot open beef sandwiches) 2004.09.26 Croque Monsieur [2] 2003.10.30 Cuban 2005.02.05 Cucumber 2003.07.21 Dagwood ingredients-original [4] FAQ Denver--see: Western Egg mayonnaise sandwiches 2006.03.04 Finger & tea [2] 2002.11.05 French dip sandwich 2000.07.13 Grilled cheese vs toasted cheese [2] FAQ Grilled cheese & ham 2003.02.11 Grilled cheese & tomato 2007.08.13 Grilled cheese & tomato soup 2002.01.09 Hangman's Loaf 2004.12.27 Hero sandwiches FAQ Horse shoe (pony shoe) 2006.04.05 [Springfield IL] Hot roast beef or turkey--see: commercial Italian hot sandwiches [3] 2003.10.28 Lard 2006.05.23 Meatball 2007.02.20 Monte Cristo [10] FAQ National Sandwich Day, National Sandwich Month, National Sandwich Idea Contest [Wheat Flour Institute] 2007.01.17 additional Chicago Tribune articles clipped to question + book: Winning Sandwiches for Menu Makers c. 1976 Open (Danish) [2] 2006.05.14 Open roast beef or turkey--see: commercial Panini sandwiches [4] 2006.03.27 Parata/Paratha 2003.09.28 Patty melts 2003.05.23 Peanut butter & banana (Elvis) FAQ (sandwiches) Peanut butter & jelly [5] FAQ Pinwheel sandwiches [2] 2006.05.16 Po'Boys (from New Orleans) [3] FAQ Pork tenderloin (aka breaded pork tenderloin), Indiana 2009.06.29 Primanti (Pittsburgh) 2009.09.27 Rachel 2004.11.12 Railroad--see: Railroad dining Reubens [3] 2004.03.05 Ribbon 2006.05.16 (with Pinwheel sandwiches) Roll-ups (ham & cheese) 2006.12.06 St. Paul (from St. Louis) [2] 2007.02.20 Sloppy Joes [10] FAQ Sloppy Joes with Karo syrup 2003.02.26 SPAMwich 2003.12.18 Spiedies 2003.03.17 Submarine [14] FAQ Tuna melts [3] 2003.01.13 Wedge 2007.01.04 (added to sandwich FAQ/submarines) Western/Denver [10] FAQ White House sandwich 2009.10.01 Sangria--see: wine Santa's whiskers--see: cookies Sapota/Sapodilla (aka Zapote) 2002.10.08 Saratoga cakes--see: cake Saratoga Flakes--see: cookies Sardalaise 2006.01.17 Sardines--see: fish Sardines Farcies Aux Epinards 2007.02.18 Sarsaferine (soft drink, Starbird Manufacturing) 2009.04.12 Sashimi 2008.04.10 (added to FAQ) Satay [3] 2006.09.06 Sauces [4] FAQ A-1 steak sauce 2002.02.02 Au Jus 2002.09.04 Bearnaise 2006.10.07 Bechamel (cream reductions) [2] FAQ Besciamella--see: Bechamel Brandy butter 2006.09.14 Cafe de Paris steak sauce 2008.07.08 Cameline 2005.08.15 Cardinal 2008.08.07 Charcutiere 2008.05.10 Chermoula 2008.01.09 Choron 2007.07.04 Creme Anglais--see: Creme Anglais Culinary bases (glace, demi-glace) 2008.05.14 Dessert 2004.02.21 Emulsified 2003.04.17 Espagnole [3] FAQ Fish sauce (southeast Asia: naam plaa, Yu lu, Mam nem) 2007.11.26 Food? (is sauce considered food?) 2007.06.19 Governor sauce (Canada) 2008.09.19 Guildmaster (Pullman trains) [3] 2006.07.27 H & P 2007.02.05 Hard sauce 2006.11.20 Harvey's sauce (commercial product & recipe) [2] 2009.03.11 Hollandaise [2] FAQ Hot-N-Tot (Wright's; referred to by Cowardly Lion/Wizard of Oz) 2007.09.12 Jezebel [2] 2005.02.09 Kochu chang (Korean hot bean sauce) 2004.01.06 Livornese 2007.02.27 Marchand de vin [2] 2004.02.17 Marie Rose--see: salad dressings--Thousand Island/Marie Rose Maximillian 2007.11.17 Mayonnaise 2007.11.04 FAQ Prices 1994, 1999, 2004 2004.06.28 Salad Bowl 2005.10.28 Milanese & Milaniase 2003.09.11 Mole [3] 2004.02.25 Mole poblano FAQ "Mother" [3] 2004.02.22 Nantua (bechamel with crayfish) 2004.12.16 Pernod cream sauce 2007.03.14 Pesto & pistou [6] 2003.12.24 Picante 2002.08.15 Poivrade 2003.07.14 Ponzu (ponsu) 2005.08.19 Quidi Vidi Steak Sauce, Quebec CA 2007.12.12 Red wine 2005.01.20 Remoulade [4] 2008.09.17 Robert 2008.05.10 Rockyfeller's (Rocky) hamburger sauce, circa 1950s 2007.01.07 Romanoff (Romanov) 2007.07.06 Roux [3] FAQ Sambal 2007.11.36 Seafood 2003.07.15 Sofrito [2] 2003.07.27 Soy [2] 2004.04.11 Soy burgers 2004.04.09 Sweet & sour (Chinese) 2004.02.13 Tartar [10] FAQ Tzatziki 2007.11.25 Tomato [3] FAQ Veloute [3] FAQ Vodka 2004.10.25 Sauerbraten--see: beef Sauerkraut [10] 2004.07.05 Italian cuisine? 2009.02.03 Saunders (coloring from sandlewood) [2] 2004.01.22 Sausage [4] 2002.10.14 Black pudding (aka blood pudding) [2] 2005.11.04 Lamb's Blood pudding 2006.11.15 Bratwurst (also cheddarwurst, cheesewurst) [4] 2003.10.16 Braunschweiger/Liverwurst 2002.12.02 Cervelas [cervelat] see also: saveloy 2008.03.24 Chipolata 2004.12.14 Chorizo (Spanish, Mexican) [2] 2004.06.16 Italian 2003.04.23 Kielbasa [3] 2003.11.24 Kiszka (Polish blood sausage) [2] 2004.12.17 Lebanon bologna 2005.10.24 pancetta 2006.11.20 Pepperoni [3] 2003.10.14 Salami [3] 2003.10.14 Sausage cake--see: cakes Vienna (weinerwurst) [4] 2004.01.27 White pudding (aka Hog's pudding) 008.08.09 Sauteeing 2002.10.17 Savarin (confection)--see: cakes Savarin (brand coffee)--see: coffee Saveloys 2004.02.16 Savory (spice) 2005.01.18 Sawdust pie--see: pies Scales, food Tudor era 2004.01.25 Scalloped foods 2004.11.19 see also: corn, Oysters, Potates Scampi--see: shrimp Scandinavia and Scotland cuisine 2003.08.08 Schnenkeles (fried cinnamon cookies)--see: cookies Schnenken--see: cinnamon buns Schnitzel (Wiener & Holstein) FAQ Schnupf noodles--see: pasta School lunches 2001.09.26 School lunch--1920/30s 2004.04.25 Schools, cooking/culinary (American & European + industry stats) [2] 2008.03.11 Schrafft's (restaurant)--see: restaurants Schwarzwalder Kirschtorte--see: cakes-Black Forest Cake Scillas (Ancient Roman shrimp)--see: shrimp Scones--see: breads Scooter pies--see: cookies Scotch kisses--see: candy Scotch tablet--see: candy-tablet Scotland & Scandinavia cuisine 2003.08.08 Scrapple [4] (See also: goetta, gritwurst) 2001.01.01 Scratch, cooking from 2004.02.02 Scungilli 2006.05.05 Scuppernongs (grapes) 2003.11.09 Sea snails [2] 2004.10.14 Seafoam candy--see: candy-sponge candy Seafood salad--see: salad Seafood sauce--see: sauces Seal Harris diet-hyperinsulism 2001.07.13 Seaweed/kelp (nori/sushi) see: algae Seething (cooking by boiling in cauldron) 2009.01.13 Seitan (wheat meat) [2] 2005.02.02 Sell by dates--see: food dating Seltzer bottles--see: siphon bottles Semifreddo [2] 2004.04.29 Semolina--see:bread Serbian cuisine--see: countries-Yugoslavia Service [restaurant serving] 2002.04.28 Family style 2007.11.27 French, Russian & American [5] 2005.11.01 Service industry [food & hospitality]--see: food service Serving temperatures 2008.01.04 Sesame chicken--see: chicken Sesame seeds [4] 2003.11.26 Seven layer cake--see: cakes Seven layer dip--see: dips Seven layer salad--see: salads Seven sweets and seven sours [PA Dutch] 2006.05.25 Sfinci (Italian pastry) 2005.10.05 Sfogliatelle--see: pastry Sformato 2004.09.09 Shadow cake--see: cakes Shake'n Bake (General Foods) 2004.01.22 Shaker lemon pie--see:pies Shark steaks--see: fish Shashlik (kebab) [2] 2008.02.05 She crab soup--see: soups Sheep (what kind of food comes from this animal) [2] 2005.10.24 Shellfish 2002.08.07 Shelton, Herbert (naturopath) 2008.03.19 Shepher's bread--see: bread Shepherd's pie--see: pie Sherbet--see: ice cream Sherbet powder--see: ice cream Ship crew meal, 1859-1890 2003.02.27 Ship meals, 16th-18th centuries 2004.07.06 Shish kebob--see: kebobs Shit on a shingle (aka SOS) [4] 2004.03.14 Shokupan--see: bread Shoofly--see: pie Shortbread--see: cookies Shortcake--see: cake Shortening 2003.12.16 Shrewsbury cakes--see: cakes Shrimp [2] FAQ coconut battered--see: tempura deep fried--see:tempura De Jonghe 2006.12.22 Native American cooking & recipes 2006.02.14 Prawns--see Shrimp FAQ Scillas (Ancient Roman large shrimp) [2] 2003.11.29 Shrimp cocktail [3] 2005.08.04 Shrimp scampi [2] 2004.07.21 Shrimp wiggle 2007.09.18 Shrub--see: alcoholic beverages Sids--see: Sowens (oat based) Silk Route foods 2004.11.22 Silver dragees (cake decorations)--see: candy Silverware Forks [4] 2004.01.09 Forks & knives Changing hands [dining etiquette] [2] 2004.02.07 Shape relationship 2004.09.04 Ice cream forks [2] 2008.11.17 Ladles 2007.08.31 Simnel cake--see: cake Simon, Sam (race track concessionare) 2009.03.17 Sinzibukwud (Algonquin word for maple syrup) 2004.08.17 Siopao 2004.03.30 Siphon bottles (for seltzer/soda) 2004.01.20 Sipulum-Pilate's coins 2002.06.21 Sirloin steak--see: steak Skim milk--see: milk Skimmer cake--see: dumplings Skippy cups--see: ice cream-Dixie cups Slave ship subsistence FAQ (foodpioneer.html) Slavonic Steak--see: steak Slice and bake cookies--see: cookies-refrigerator Slickers--see: dumplings Slim Jims--see: jerky Sloppy Joes--see:sandwiches Slum (slumgullion)--see: stew Small business, food--starting points 2002.06.03 Small plates 2007.11.23 Smarties--see: candy Smetana--see: sour cream Smith, Dorothy Hope (Gerber Baby artist) 2007.10.12 Smoked foods, international [3] 2003.07.17 Smoked salt--see: salt Smoking meat (general) [5] 2006.10.25 18th century methods 2000.02.28 Smoothies [16] FAQ Smores [11] FAQ Smorgasbord 2005.12.08 Snack foods 1800, 1850, 1900 & 1950 2001.08.21 Snails--see: escargots Snack Mate--see: cheese-Cheez Whiz Snackin Cake--see: cakes--Snackin Cake (Betty Crocker) Snails--see: escargot Snappie--see: crackers Snickerdoodles--see: cookies Sno kones--see: ice cream Snowdrift shortening 2007.03.04 Snow [2] 2006.11.16 Snow birds 2008.02.07 Soba noodles (Japan) 2004.04.23 Socle 2009.05.15 Soda cream soda [2] 2004.05.11 Soda jerk (origin of phrase) 2007.02.01 Soda pop (soft drinks) [2] 2005.06.23 Diet soda 2008.08.27 FAQ Soft ice cream--see: ice cream Sole Normande 2005.09.17 Somalia--see:countries: Somalia Son-of-a-bitch stew--see: stew Sopes 2008.11.21 Sorbet see: ice cream Sopapillas--see: bread-fry bread Sorghum [3] 2004.04.28 added to FAQ (candy/sugar) recipes 2002.06.14 Sorrel 2005.07.14 soup--see: soups-tchav Souffle [13] FAQ potatoes--see: potatoes Why fall (noise?) added to FAQ Why rise 2005.02.01 Soul food [9] FAQ deviled eggs & yeast rolls 2003.01.05 Soup [8] FAQ Ancient recipes 2004.01.14 Beer cheese soup [2] 2007.12.26 Bisque FAQ apple & squash [2] 2004.12.03 Lobster bisque 2005.10.25 Black bean [2] 2004.07.23 Borscht [5] FAQ First mention/vikings 2004.02.013 St. Petersburg-style (bread dome) 2004.01.06 Served with? 2008.07.26 Bouillabaisse [2] 2004.02.27 Bouillion cubes [2] 2005.02.05 Bourride 2004.02.27 Broth 2004.04.07 cabbage 2007.06.21 Callaloo 2005.04.20 Cannellini bean soup 2005.03.03 Carmen/consomme--why name? 2003.12.08 Chicken noodle [3] 2006.01.19 chili 2002.02.19 chowder [3] FAQ corn [2] 2000.06.28 Kennedy Whitehouse recipe 2007.01.18 New England & Manhattan [4] FAQ Vegetable cheese chowder 2008.01.18 Cioppino [6] FAQ Consomme [4] FAQ Court bouillon 2003.10.11 Cream of broccoli 2004.03.13 Cream of mushroom (Campbell's) [2] 2005.08.10 Cream soup bowls (why two handles?) 2006.11.06 Digger's Magic Mushroom 2006.02.01 Duck Blood (Czarina) Poland 2007.01.24 Eat vs drink (why?) 2006.06.26 First company to package 2001.07.16 French, 1960s American popular 2008.07.26 French onion soup [6] FAQ Fruit (cold dessert soup) [3] 2003.09.30 Garbanzo bean soup 2006.04.07 Garlic 2009.10.04 Gazpacho [6] 2004.08.19 Germany 2006.02.04 Gumbo 2003.12.17 Habitant brand (Canada) 2004.06.08 Ham & bean 1004.01.17 Hot and sour (Chinese) [2] 2005.06.28 "Is is soup yet?" (Lipton ad campaign) 2008.04.11 Italian wedding [21] FAQ Pittsburgh 2003.06.13 Knoefla (aka nefla) 2004.05.16 Leberknodelsuppe (liver soup) 2002.08.06 Lithuanian (hot, without beetroot) 2005.08.19 Matelote (French fish chowder) 2005.06.13 Matzo ball soup [4] 2004.11.29 Minestrone [4] 2005.08.03 Minestrone [McCalls magazine/1970s] 2004.12.29 Mushroom Barley [Jewish cuisine] 2005.11.09 Mulligatawny [4] 2004.02.01 Palestine (Jerusalem artichoke soup) 2002.02.16 Pea/split pea [2] 2003.09.30 Pepperpot 2002.04.05 Pocket/portable [4] 2002.08.01 Potato soup (Ireland) [4] 12.07.03 2003.12.07 Presidential soup quots 2007.10.31 Pumpkin 2003.08.17 Puppy soup (Erdrich)--see: dogs Rancho brand 2007.08.25 She crab soup 2005.12.18 Soup mix, Lipton onion (& chicken noodle) [3] 2006.05.22 "Soup's on" refer to: Barry Popik's notes Spanish bean soup (pinto beans) 2007.09.10 Spanish bean soup (Ybor City) see: Garbanzo bean soup Stock [3] 2004.04.07 Taco soup (aka tortilla soup) [3] 2005.05.07 Tchav (chav, sorrel soup) 2005.08.04 Thentuk (Tibetian noodle soup) 2004.11.10 tomato soup [3] 2003.9.30 Tomato soup cake--see: cakes-Mystery tortilla soup--see: taco soup Tripe (menudo) [3] 2004.10.11 see also: pepperpot soup Tudor era--floaters? 2003.09.30 Turtle [3] 2006.01.15 Campbell's & Franco American brand turtle (including green turtle, terrapin & mock turtle) 2009.07.18 Tuscany 2004.04.17 Veloute Agnes Sorel 2005.08.12 Vichysoisse [9] FAQ War [wor] wonton 2002.02.27 West African lemony chicken okra soup 2003.11.09 Wonton 2003.09.27 Soup kitchens--Depression era 2003.01.29 Sour candies--why do they make our faces pucker? 2004.09.10 Sour cream [2] 2003.12.13 & baked potatoes 2007.03.25 & chives 2007.03.27 Smetana 2003.12.16 Sourdough bread & starter--see: bread Southern fusion--see: Countries-United States-regions Souvlaki 2005.02.26 Sowens 2007.01.22 Soy sauce see: sauce Soybean oil--see: oils Soyer/Reform Club 2003.09.02 Space Dust--see: candy, Pop Rocks Space food sticks 2005.03.12 Spatezel 2003.11.03 Spaghetti--see: pasta Spaghetti squash--see: squash Spaghettios--see: pasta Spam-how named (& competitors: PREM, TREET & MOR) 2000.11.10 1937 price (when first introduced) 2007.05.06 SPAMwich--see:sandwiches Spanish--see: liquorice Spanish cookies--see: cookies: Mexican wedding cakes Spanish in America--see: Countries-United States-ethnic Spanish omelets--see: eggs, omelets Spanish rice--see: rice Speakeasy foods--see: 1920s-Speakeasies Specten dicken (speck decken?) 2001.03.12 Spelt (wheat type) [3] 2004.10.22 Spice grinders 2000.09.11 Spiced round--see: beef Spices Colonial 2003.10.14 Crusaders 2002.11.19 Global sources for study 2009.04.13 v. Herbs 2004.01.24 Spiedies--see: sandwiches Spinach [4] 2003.07.19 Creamed spinach (& traditional English/American recipes) [2] 2003.07.09 Green Thursday (Easter tradition)--see: holidays-Easter New Zealand spinach 2002.03.24 Palak (India) [2] 2006.02.13 Popeye brand 2008.11.14 salad-warm dressing [2] 2001.01.05 Spiral carved (spiral sliced) ham--see: ham Spirits (alcohol) 2004.04.29 Spit (roasting) 2004.01.10 Spatter dabs (western term for hot cakes) 2007.11.20 Sponge cake--see: cake Sponge candy--see: candy Spoon bread--see corn bread Spotted dick (pudding & bread) [2] FAQ Spotted dog--see: spotted dick Sprite (soda) 2004.06.26 Spritz cookies--see: cookies-spritz Sprouts 2005.04.28 Spumoni--see: ice cream Squab--see: pigeon Squash [4] 2003.10.05 Butternut 2008.12.18 Opo squash 2004.09.07 Spaghetti squash [2] 2005.11.02 Squash blossoms 2005.05.07 Squid [3] 2005.02.17 Stack cake--see: cakes Stack Pack--see: food packaging Stained glass window cookies--see: cookies Stand pie--see: pie Star anise (fruit) 2007.02.24 Starch (technical question) 2002.01.12 Staple foods, definition 2004.02.04 Staple foods, different countries 2002.09.18 Starters, cold 2003.11.23 State foods FAQ Steak [2] 2003.02.22 Beef steak a la mirabeau 2004.08.18 Beefsteak Stanley 2005.04.06 Bistecca alla fiorentina 2007.12.12 Blue steak 2008.05.11 Carpetbag (aka carpetbagger) [3] 2003.11.28 Cube steak 2009.02.05 Delmonico 2004.07.16 Denver 2006.01.06 Diane [23] FAQ Esterhazy 2007.06.18 Filet mignon 2003.09.29 Finger steaks 2005.08.04 Flat iron 2004.01.23 Houses--see: restaurants Mudega (St. Louis) 2005.05.07 Pepper steak [3] 2005.07.08 Pittsburgh-style 2003.09.12 Prices--see: food prices (1910s) Sirloin [2] 2005.10.28 Slavonic steak (Hawaii) 2008.05.11 Steak and eggs 2006.05.27 Steak and kidney pie--see:pie Steak au poivre 2006.10.17 see also Steak Diane Steamship round 2005.10.21 Strip 2006.12.06 Swiss (aka baked steak) 2004.04.10 T-bone 2003.12.25 teriyaki 2003.06.23 Steamship round--see: steak Steeple pans (for steaming bread/cake on stovetop) 2007.04.14 Stevens, Harry M. (sports concessionaire) 2007.07.25 (print only) Pizza 2008.03.22 Stevia 2006.01.31 Stew 2003.12.19 Bog (stew) 2004.01.08 Brunswick stew 2004.02.22 Cowboy venison stew 2000.11.24 Frogmore stew [2] 2004.07.21 Goulash & American goulash 2007.06.17 Girl Scout recipes--see: Girl Scouts Green chili 2005.11.12 Irish [2] 2005.11.06 Joe Booker (Maine) 2009.04 17 Lobscouse [2] 2007.04.01 Pine bark stew 2004.03.03 Rabbit stew--see: rabbits Ragout [2] 2007.04.20 Slum (slumgullion) 2008.10.08 Son-of-a-bitch (aka son-of-a gun) 2007.06.22 Venison (Colonial/early American) 2006.11.05 Stewing & braising [4] 2003.12.19 Sticciata & schiacciata--see: bread Stick foods (food on a stick) 2003.11.06 Sticky buns--see: cinnamon rolls Sticky toffee pudding--see: pudding Still Life With Biscuits/Picasso 2003.07.25 Stinky tofu--see: tofu Stir fry--see: wok cookery Stock--see: soup Stollen--see: cake Stone wine--see: wine Stones (testicles) 2007.07.16 Storage of food early 19th century US (meats/oilcloth) 2006.12.14 1940s (United States) 2005.03.24 Stoves & hearth cookery 2003.05.06 Stracciatella ice cream--see: ice cream Strata [2] 2004.09.09 Strawberries [3] 2003.11.11 Chocolate covered strawberries--see: candy Strawberries Romanov 2007.07.06 Strawberry shortcake--see: cake Straws (drinking straws) 2006.12.23 Streetfood [2] 2004.06.06 Streetfood-ancient baking techniques 2004.06.07 Strip steak--see: steak Stroganoff FAQ Chicken stroganoff--see: chicken Stromboli [7] 2003.11.06 Stroopwafels--see:cookies Strudel [8] 2004.10.11 Strufoli--see: loukoumades Stufa (stoves worn by pizza vendors) 2005.01.22 Stuffed leaves (grape & fig aka dolmades) [8] 2003.06.03 Stuffed mushrooms--see: mushrooms Stuffing, oyster--see:oysters Stuffing (dressing) [2] FAQ Mrs. Truman's recipe [2] 2003.11.10 Subgum (Chinese culinary term) [3] 2006.08.11 Submarine sandwich--see sandwiches Substitutions, food 2005.03.05 Subtleties 2006.03.12 Succotash [2] 2001.11.27 Sucre a la creme 2005.10.11 Suet [5] 2003.11.22 Suet v. Drippings (definitions & differences) 2006.03.11 Suffragette foods 2003.12.13 Sugar [3] Australia [20th century developments] 2005.04.20 black (licorice) 2001.07.04 brown (definition & process) [4] 2001.12.03 FAQ C sugar (1917: cane? cuban?) 2009.09.27 Cake ingredient see: cakes Colonial American sources 2003.12.13 Cones (size & shape) 18th c. 2003.08.11 Confectioners' [2] sugar FAQ Cubes [2] 2004.02.23 Dark syrup 2008.03.10 Granulated sugar 2008.05.05 Lisbon 2005.04.11 Medicinal properties (anticeptic) 2007.03.29 penny loaf 2001.09.22 Pie--see: pies Pilonchio (azucar de pilon) 2008.03.06 Pounded 2007.12.26 Powdered--see: confectioners' Prices--colonial America 2003.12.16 Red sugar (19th century) 2008.01.22 Sugar paste [2] 2005.07.28 Sugar work 2003.12.01 Surname Sugar--meaning? 2007.05.20 Treacle [2] 2006.10.14 UK sweetener history 2008.06.21 Vanilla sugar 2009.10.19 Sugar cane swizzle sticks (where to purchase) 2007.08.29 Sugar mice--see: candy Sugar paste (sugar flowers, cake decoration)--see: sugar Sugar pie--see: pies, chess pie (white sugar) Sugarplums--see: candy Sugo--see: Tomato Gravy FAQ Sukiyaki FAQ Sultanas--see: cookies Summer pudding--see: pudding Sunday dinner--see: dinner Sunflowers 2004.12.07 Sung Choi Bao (SDoong Choy Bao) 2007.09.24 Sunomono--see: salad Super Bowl foods [2] 2004.01.25 Supersized meals--see: food portions Surf & turf [2] 2004.04.02 Surimi (imitation crab)--see: crab Survival crackers--see: crackers Sushi [5] 2008.04.10 (added to FAQ) Swallow's nest--see: bird's nest Swange 2009.01.22 Swans 2004.11.10 Swastika biscuits--see: cookies Swedes--see: rutabagas Swedish chocolate bombes Swedish fish--see: candy Swedish meatballs--see: meatballs Swedish pancakes--see: pancakes Sweet and savory dishes (origins, dispersion) 2006.06.03 Sweet and sour pork [3] FAQ Sweet potatoes & Kings (Henry VIII) 2004.02.19 & Polynesia (kumara) 2004.09.25 sweet potato pie--see: pie sweet potato pone 2006.11.21 vs yams FAQ Sweetbreads [7] 2003.12.15 Sweetmeats--see: candy Swiss chard 2005.07.31 Swiss lorraine--see: cheese Swiss Miss Cocoa--see: chocolate Swiss picnic--see: picnics Swiss rolls--see: cakes Swiss steak--see: steak Switchel 2004.03.18 Syllabub [3] 2004.09.29 Syrups Pancake Syrup (imitatation maple, artificial maple, blended) 2009.09.03 Symbolism of foods (sources) [2] 2004.03.19 see also: aphrodesiacs T-bone steaks 2003.12.25 Tabahajah 2003.10.13 Table D'hote--see: menus Table manners--see: etiquette Table settings, USA 2008.09.23 Table water crackers--see: crackers Tablecloths 2007.07.28 Tablet--see: candies-tablet Taboos (religion & food)--see: religion and food Tabouleh--see: salads Taco salad--see: salad Taco soup--see:soups Taco trucks [Pacific Northwest] 2009.02.23 Tacos [25] FAQ Tacos in Chicago 2008.06.07 Tad's Steak House--see: restaurants Taffy--see: candy Taffy apple salad--see: salad Tagine [3] 2004.04 (Morocco foods) Tahini [3] 2003.11.26 Tailgating 2005.11.13 Taino/Arawak subsistence 2003.10.18 Takeout food (U.S.) origins 2005.03.01 Chinese & Italian (includes notes on packaging) 2005.05.13 market trends & stats 2003.05.04 Tamales & Tamale pie [3] FAQ Christmas tamales 2009.11.03 Tamarindo--see: candy Tandoor tandoori [3] 2004.03.31 Tang [4] FAQ Tannin 2003.08.07 Tante Marie (cookbook author) 2006.04.25 Tapas--see: appetizers Tapenade (tapenado) [4] 2005.07.28 Tapicoa--see: pudding Taquitos [6] 2003.04.11 Taro 2005.07.25 Tarragon 2009.01.02 Tartar sauce--see: sauce Tarte tatin [3] 2002.01.22 Tarts--see:pies Taste buds (infant development) 2008.03.27 Taster's Choice--see: coffee Tasting menus--see: menus Tater tots--see: potatoes Tatu & cartocci (Sicilian Day of the Dead) 2003.06.14 Taurine 2002.12.13 Taylor ham & pork roll 2000.02.04 Tchav--see: soup Tea cakes--see cookies Tea (plant) [3] 2004.08.03 Civil War era trade 2009.08.16 Colonial American customs 2006.11.29 Earl Grey 2003.01.21 Maxwell House 2003.02.02 Nanny's tea 2006.02.16 Prices, UK (Use Times/London historic database for target year) Russian 2006.10.15 Social traditions (including afternoon tea) [7] 2004.01.10 TEMT (canned luncheon meat, like SPAM) 2007.04.05 TempTaste (frozen meat product) 2005.10.24 Tempura [4] FAQ Ten Below--see: ice cream Tenement food 2002.12.04 Tennessee tea cakes--see: cookies-tea cakes Tequila 2009.02.01 Teriyaki [2] FAQ Terrine 2004.02.24 fruit terrine 2003.08.02 Test kitchens--see: kitchens Tetrazzini (chicken/turkey) 2003.06.19 Texas burgers--see: hamburgers Texas sheet cake--see: cake Thai restaurants--see: restaurants Thailand--see: countries-Thailand Thanksgiving-Pilgrim [3] 2003.11.06 Thanksgiving--serving ham? see: ham Theater concessions [2] 2003.04.18 Thentuk--see:soups Thermos 2008.03.23 Thin Mints/Girl Scout--see: cookies Thirteen desserts/Treize desserts (Provence) 2002.12.23 30 Below (soda) 2005.02.26 Thomas' English muffin see: muffins-English Thousand Island dressing--see: salad dressing Thousand Layer Buns--see: bread Thousand year eggs--see: eggs Three bean salad--see: salads Three milk cake--see: cakes-Tres Leches Thumbprint--see: cookies Thyme 2007.09.12 Tic tacs 2000.10.25 Tid-Bit crackers--see: crackers Tiger's Milk 2001.12.31 Tights (southern menu item) 2005.03.22 Timbale 2009.05.20 Tin roof sundae--see: ice cream Tinola [tinolang manok] Fililpino dish 2006.02.02 Tips (gratuities) 2004.01.12 Tipsy Parson (aka Tipsy Cake)--see: cakes Tiramisu [13] FAQ To Kill a Mockingbird--see: literature and food Toad in the hole [7] FAQ Toast see: bread Toast-R-Cakes (Thomas brand) 2009.06.28 Toaster Srudel (Pillsbury) 2009.10.31 Toasting 2005.11.07 Tobacco candy--see: candy Toddle House restaurant 2009.01.15 Toffee--see also: ice cream-hokey pokey 2002.05.05 Toffee--see: candy Toffee apples--see: candy Toffee pudding--see: pudding Tofu [5] 2004.01 Stinky tofu 2006.09.22 Tolkein, JRR--Middle Earth food 2004.01.11 Tom & Jerry--see: alcoholic beverages Tom Thumb bars--see: cookies Tomatoes [4] FAQ 2003.09.05 Colonial America 2005.11.16 Creole 2004.04.11 First eaten? 2003.11.14 Fried green & green tomato pie [4\5] 2004.02.02 Fruit or vegetable? 2003.10.03 grape 2003.07.23 heirloom--see: heirloom vegetables jam recipe 1999.04.26 juice 2006.12.05 mandrake & tomatoes (connection) 2007.16.07 Michigan 2003.09.15 preservation technques 2004.08.08 Provencale 2005.04.22 roasted tomatoes 2008.07.10 sauce--see: sauce soup--see: soup Tongue (cow or beef) [2] 2006.03.08 Tongue toast (tongue biscuits, ham toast) 2007.03.09 Toothpicks 2009.01.26 Tootlach 2007.04.10 Tootsie rolls--see: candy 2001.04.01 Top's Drive In--see: restaurants Torrejas 2004.11.21 Tortas de aceite--see: cookies Tortellini--see: pasta Tortes--see: cakes Tortilla soup--see: soup-taco soup Tortillas 2004.02.23 Tortillas (flour, when first sold in USA supermarkets) [2] 2007.07.02 Tossed salad--see: salad Tostadas [4] 2003.11.12 Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri--see:famous people Tourner (prep method) [2] 2003.11.03 Tourism & accomdation industry history 2002.06.17 Trademarks, food (first) 2008.01.20 Trader Vic's--see: restaurants Trail mix & GORP [5] FAQ Tennessee, 19th century 2004.09.27 Trap pies--see: pies Treacle--see: sugar Trefoils--see: cookies-Girl Scout Treize desserts/Thirteen desserts (Provence) 2002.12.23 Trenchers, bread--see: bread Trends in food--see: food trends Tres leches cake--see: cake Trid (Morrocco) 2009.03.17 Trifle, English---see English trifle Trotters--see: pork Tru-ade (non carbonated soft drink) 2008.04.18 True Blue Sandwich Cookies (Sunshine)--see: cookies Truffles (chocolate)--see:candy: chocolate Truffles (fungi)--see: mushrooms Truit au bleu 2003.10.11 Tschirky, Oscar--how to pronounce surname 2007.10.09 Tuna (canned, packed in water) [2]: brine & spring 2003.03.10 Chicken of the Sea (mermaid) 2006.01.17 Tuna casserole--see: casseroles Tuna hot dogs (Friday Franks, Tunies, Sea Dogs, Fish Dogs) [2] 2003.07.20 Tuna melts--see:sandwiches Tuna noodle casserole--see: casseroles Tuna salad--see: salad Tuna steaks--see:fish Tuna Twist (packaged spices) 2009.01.27 Turducken [4] 2004.01.18 Tureen--see: terrine Turkey [7] 2004.03.01 Burgers 2003.08.20 Butterball brand 2008.08.08 Cajun deep fried [5] 2003.11.23 Cajun deep fried wings 2003.07.26 industry stats: sales & consumption 2008.11.07 Tetrazzini--see: Tettrazzini Turkey and cranberry (combination) 2005.01.17 Turkey ham 200 2008.12.26 Turkish delights--see: candy Turnip greens--see: greens Turnovers FAQ (pies, portable) Turtle soup--see: soup Turtles, chocolate--see:candy Turtles, sea 2004.03.21 Twiglets--see: crackers Typography on food (putting words on/in manufactured foods) 2005.11.12 Tzatziki sauce--see: sauces "U" foods (start with this letter) [2] 2004.05.20 Uniforms, chef's--see: chefs-chef wear Union Soda Water Company [St. Louis, MO] 2007.07.15 U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2003.07.31 Utah scones--see: bread, scones Utensils--see also: silverware Native American cooking & eating (Iroquois) 2004.11.13 Skimmers (slotted spoons) 2005.01.06 Uzvar (Ukranian/Polics/Russian dried fruit compote) 2008.11.26 Vada (India) 2005.05.14 Vala's Ice Cream (company)--see: ice cream Valentine's menus 2003.11.09 Van Camp Packing Co. 2003.03.29 Vandal/Barbarian foods--see: Barbarians Vanilla [3] 2009.03.25 Molina-purchasing 2002.06.20 Vanilla chocolate/white chocolate--see: candy Vanilla sugar--see: sugar Vanilla wafers (Nabisco)--see: cookies Vanomel 2004.06.11 Vasilopita--see:bread Vaughn, Kate Brew--64 items in Proquest historic papers, incl. obit. Best article=3.24.31/atlanta constitution Veal --see also: weiner schnitzel [3] 2003.10.05 Veal birds see: paupiettes Veal cutlets (first) 2007.01.23 Veal emince 2003.05.21 Veal Oscar [6] 2004.12.01 Veal parmesean 2004.02.23 White veal 2008.12.29 Vegan recipes 2002.03.20 Vegemite 2006.01.24 Vegetable oil--see: oil Vegetables burgers 2003.08.20 canned--how long can they last? 2002.10.12 colonial American 2003.05.07 cultivated 2003.03.24 desiccated 2002.04.24 Vegetarianism [3] 2005.08.25 Veloute--see:sauces Velveeta--see: cheese Vending machines 2007.10.19 FAQ Venetian breakfast--see: breakfast Venison 2008.03.22 Venison stew--see: stew Verjus (verjuice) [3] 2002.03.01 Vermicelli--see: pasta-vermicelli Vermont common crackers--see: crackers Versailles--see: Countries-France Vesuvio--see: chicken Vicysoisse--see: soup Victorian food [2] 2000.12.14 Dollhouse items (pantry, kitchen) 2008.06.06 Victory cake (Sunmaid)--see: cake Victory gardens (veggies & herbs) 2006.04.03 Videos--culinary history 2004.03.17 Vienna sausage (weinerwurst) 2004.01.27 Vietnamese summer rolls 2003.06.30 Viking cattle 2004.01.17 Vin Mariani (patent medicine) 2008.05.05 Vinaigrette--see: French dressing Vinegar [3] 2003.08.16 Balsamic 2003.12.06 Pie--see: pies Wine [Orleans method] [2] 2004.07.02 Violets--see: flowers Visigoths--see: 4th century Visigoths Vitamins 2003.01.18 Vitamin D (foods containing) 2005.04.22 Vodka sauce--see: sauces Vol-au-vent [3] 2006.01.31 Vollmer-Clearwater Co. (Idaho) recipes 2003.06.17 Voodoo (Vodun)--see: religion Voyageurs food [2] 2003.03.07 "XYZ" foods (start with these letters) [8] FAQ Wacky cake--see: cake Wade, David--see: chefs Waiters--"Hi my name is...I'll be your server" who said? 2003.06.24 Waldorf Astoria menus (1920s & 1930s) 2009.01.04 Waldorf crown salad--see: salads Waldorf salad--see: salads Waffles [29] FAQ Belgian [4] 2004.01.02 Box mixes 2005.09.04 Chicago, street vendor recipe 2006.01.06 Waffle irons-antique (purchase) 2001.09.01 Waffle irons-commerical (purchase) 2000.12.16 Waffle irons-history 2002.05.12 Waiters--see: restaurants Wakefield, Ruth (bio/archives) [2] 2005.10.31 Walnuts--see: nuts War [wor] wonton soup--see: soup Wardons (wardens, wardyns)--see: pears Washington, George--see: presidents Water--see also: ice Bottled 1999.08.25 charged 2002.01.30 Evian 2007.03.14 Mineral 2004.09.07 served before meal (etiquette, tradition, practice) [4] 2006.10.18 Water ice--see: Ice cream Watercress 2003.11.04 Watergate cake--see: cake (pistachio) Watergate salad (pistchio salad)--see: salad Waterglassing eggs--see: eggs Waterless cooking (Club Alunimum) 2009.04.22 Watermelon [2] 2006.09.20 Watermelon cake--see: cake Wax beans--see: beans Wax sugar--see: candy--snow candy Weary Willie cake--see: cakes Wedding cake--see: cake Cost (1881-1914) 2005.03.08 Mexican--see: cookies Wedding feasts Colonial American--see: Countries, United States, Colonial America Lithuania--see: Countries, Lithuania Mexico--see: Countries, Mexico Weiner schnitzel [4] FAQ Holstein schnitzel (with fried egg) FAQ Weird food (from other cultures) 2005.01.20 Welsh cakes 2005.09.22 Welsh rabbit (Welsh rarebit) 2007.08.25 (FAQ) Werther's Original--see: candy West Virginia foods--see: Countries, U.S. Western sandwich--see: sandwiches Wet fries--see: potatoes-gravy fries Whale--see: ice cream, whale oil Wheat [4] 2004.07.14 ADDED TO FAQ Bulgur wheat [cracked wheat or burghul wheat] 2005.07.19 see also: tabouleh Wheat meat--see: seitan Wheat Flour Institute--see: sandwiches-National Sandwich Month Wheatgrass & wheat sprouts 2004.07.09 Whip'n Chill--see: pudding Whipped cream [2] 2001.01.18 Whiskey--see: spirits White chocolate--see: chocolate 2002.11.04 White Christmas slice--see: cookies White flour vs whole wheat--see: flour White Horse Tavern (Newport RI)--see: 17th century Rhode Island White House cherry--see: ice cream White House Cook Book/Gillette 2002.09.24 White House Sandwich--see: sandwiches White rice--see: rice White sapote (aka Aztec fruit) 2008.05.22 White Trash--see: cake White veal--see: veal Whole wheat pasta--see: pasta Whoopie pie--see: cookies Wiggle--se: shrimp Wild boar Boar's head-Christmas 2006.11.19 Wild rice--see: rice Wilted lettuce--see: salads Wine [2] 2000.05.18 Chateau Domecq 1995 2004.10.16 Dry [denoting devoid of sugar] 2006.02.05 Garage wine (garagistes, vins de garage) 2008.06.25 Napa Valley, CA 2003.06.12 red & fish (why bad) 2003.08.07 Sangria 2005.12.10 Spain 2003.06.13 Stone (from song: "When Johnny Comes Marching Home") 2004.02.11 wine & food pairing (origin0 2008.04.10 Wine-Dip Soda 2005.02.01 Winter bread--see: bread Winter wheat--see: bread--winter bread Wok cookery [5] FAQ Wojapi (aka wojape)(Eastern Woodlands berry pudding recipe) [2] 2004.10.22 Women & cooking 2001.01.14 Wonder Bread--see: bread Wonders--see: doughnuts Wontons [3] FAQ Wood House cake--see: cakes Woodford pudding--see: cakes-jam cake Woodland Indians--see: Mohawk Indians Worcester Crackers--see: crackers World War I soldier food 2003.10.07 World's Fair foods-St. Louis Exposition [1904] 2002.04.28 Wraps--see: pocket foods Yakitori FAQ Yams (aka name, iname) African 2001.03.09 Candied 2006.05.16 Name blanco 2006.11.06 vs. sweet potatoes--see: sweet potatoes Yankee Doodle cupcakes (Drakes) 2000.02.05 Yankee pot roast [3] 2003.07.25 Yeast [2] 2003.10.08 Australia/New Zealand, types available 1909? 2008.11.24 baking & brewing [2] 2003.09.16 cake vs dehydrated 2003.04.01 Conell rising 2008.03.01 Maca (Northwestern Yeast Company, Chicago) 2006.01.12 pizza dough 2003.07.09 size of product 2009.09.91 Torula 2007.05.20 Yellowman (yallaman)--see: Candy-Irish Yes Yes--see: cookies Yogurt [6] FAQ Frozen 2006.01.03 (See notes for NYT articles) Labeneh (laban, leban) 2006.06.14 Pastry (use of yogurt) 2007.09.29 Spain (introduction) 2007.05.31 Yorkshire pudding--see: puddings Young chowe (yeung chow) 2006.12.14 Yrchouns (hedgehogs made from ground meat) 2004.10.10 Yum yum cake--see: cake Yum yums--see: cookies Yummy muffins (4-H) see: muffins Zabaglione (aka Zabaione, Sabayon) [2] 2004.10.11 Zapote (Sapota, Sapodilla) 2002.10.08 Zarex (fruit juice concentrate, 19650s-1960s) Zelateta, Elena (blind cookbook author, Mexican cuisine) 2008.04.30 Zephyr extract 2005.03.29 Zeppole (zeppoli) [3] 2005.11.10 Zest 2006.10.02 Zingara (a la zingara & zingara sauce) 2007.10.27 Ziploc bags 2000.12.10 Ziti--see: pasta Zoo animals as food (Seige of Paris 1870-1871) [2] 2007.08.01 Zopf--see: bread Zucchini 2006.11.05 Zucchini bread--see: cakes Zubrimbli (Maltese) 2007.10.27 (not found, not recorded...paper copy retained in case we identify) Zuppa Inglese--see: English trifle Zur (aka zurek) (sourgrain starter for Polish soups) 2007.08.21 Zweiback (twice baked biscuit, like Rusk) 2004.10.16 added to biscotti FAQ Zweiback (Mennonite bread) 2007.03.28 Zweiback tort 2005.02.09 Reseach notes compiled by Lynne Olver (IACP) editor The Food Timeline http://www.foodtimelne.org/questions.txt